This talk will give a short introduction of how one may put a “dyadic cube” structure on spaces of homogeneous type (see Coifman-Weiss ’77) and how when this dyadic cube structure is coupled with the Whitney decomposition it allows one to construct approximating NTA domains for uniformly rectifiable (UR) sets. (The term uniformly rectifiable is quantitative, scale invariant version of rectifiab...

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the absolute amounts to de novo synthesized amino acids in both the perchloric acid extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions of F98 glioma cells incubated for 2 h with 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. 13C NMR spectra of the hydrolyzed protein fraction revealed a marked incorporation of 13C-labelled alanine, aspartate and glutamate i...

Singlet state structures of small, cyclic hydrocarbons which can result from the addition of molecular dicarbon (C2) to ethyne (HC≡CH) or ethene (H2C=CH2) have been calculated (B3LYP/6311+G(d,p) level of theory), and were found to contain carbene centres. Some structures of analogous boranes (replacement of the carbene centers by BH fragments) were also calculated. The computation of NMR parame...

In order to facilitate the study of motions of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins, a method of enzymatically attaching uniformly 13C-enriched galactopyranose ([U-13C]galactose) onto the nonreducing end of the carbohydrate chain has been developed. Specifically, [U-13C]glucose (20% 13C) was converted through a sequence of four enzymatic steps to [U-13C]UDP-galactose which was then attached...

AIM To examine the gastrointestinal handling of [1-13C]palmitic acid given as the free acid by measuring the excretion of 13C label in stool in 16 healthy children and 11 patients with cystic fibrosis on their habitual enzyme replacement treatment. METHODS After an overnight fast, each child ingested 10 mg/kg body weight [1-13C]palmitic acid with a standardised test meal of low natural 13C ab...

Methionine metabolism forms homocysteine via transmethylation. Homocysteine is either 1) condensed to form cystathionine, which is cleaved to form cysteine, or 2) remethylated back to methionine. Measuring this cycle with the use of isotopically labeled methionine tracers is problematic, because the tracer is infused into and measured from blood, whereas methionine metabolism occurs inside cell...

Trimethylborane (1), triethylborane (2), 1,3-dimethyl-1-boracyclopentane (3), 1-methyl-1boracyclohexane (4), 9-methyland 9-ethyl-9-borabicyclo[3.1.1]nonane [5(Me) and 5(Et)], and 1boraadamantane (6) were studied by 11B and 13C NMR spectroscopy with respect to coupling constants 1J(13C,11B) and 1J(13C,13C). Results of DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+g(d,p) level of theory show satisfactory a...

The glutamate-glutamine cycle is thought to be of paramount importance in the mature brain; however, its significance is likely to vary with regional differences in distance between astrocyte and synapse. The present study is aimed at evaluating the role of this cycle in cultures of cerebellar neurons, mainly consisting of glutamatergic granule cells. Cells were incubated in medium containing [...

Ingestion of pure fructose stimulates de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. This may however not be relevant to typical nutritional situations, where fructose is invariably ingested with glucose. We therefore assessed the metabolic fate of fructose incorporated in a mixed meal without or with glucose in eight healthy volunteers. Each participant was studied over six hours after the ingestion...

Proinflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) play a crucial role in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Despite advances in neuroimaging, there are currently limited available methods enabling noninvasive detection of MPs in vivo. Interestingly, upon activation and subsequent differentiation toward a proinflammatory phenotype MPs undergo metabolic re...