3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a widely abused illicit drug that can cause severe and even fatal adverse effects. However, interest remains for its possible clinical applications in posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety treatment. Preclinical studies to determine MDMA’s safety are needed. We evaluated MDMA’s pharmacokinetics and metabolism in male rats receiving 2.5, 5, and 10 ...

The recently discovered SCFA-activated G-coupled protein receptors FFA receptor 2 and FFA receptor 3 are co-localised in L-cells with the anorexigenic ‘ileal brake’ gut hormone peptide YY, and also in adipocytes, with activation stimulating leptin release. Thus, SCFA such as acetate and propionate show promise as a candidate to increase satiety-enhancing properties of food. We therefore postula...

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by cardinal motor manifestations and CNS pathology. Current drug therapies can often stabilize these cardinal motor symptoms, and attention has shifted to the other motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD that are resistant to drug therapy. Dysphagia in PD is perhaps the most important drug-resistant symptom because it lead...

⁎ Corresponding author at: Neurosurgical Clinic, Depa Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Paler 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy. Fax: +39 091 6552393. E-mail address: gerardo.iacopino@unipa.it (D.G. Iaco http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2014.04.002 2214-7519/© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B Article history: Received 17 February 2014 Revised 27 March 2014 Accepted 12 April 2014

BACKGROUND: Outpatient craniotomy, biopsy, and spinal decompression have been performed at our center for more than a decade. Early feasibility studies suggest that they are safe, successful, cost-effective, and well-tolerated by patients. However, a largescale study of this magnitude has not been performed. OBJECTIVE: To characterize postoperative complications and the rate of successful disch...

In London on September 11-12, 2000, the Royal Society—the independent scientifi c academy in Britain, the counterpart to the U.S. National Academy of Science—hosted a discussion meeting on the “Origins of HIV and the AIDS epidemic.” The brochure about the meeting gave this synopsis: “HIV-1 and HIV-2 causing AIDS are new human viruses of animal origin. When, how and why these cross-species infec...