We demonstrated high-efficiency all-optical switching in an InGaAsP–InP photonic crystal resonator evanescently coupled with a microfiber. The nonlinearity was based on carrier injection by single-photon absorption of 980-nm pump light. Carrier-induced and thermally induced shifts of resonance wavelengths were observed under continuous-wave pumping. In pulse operation, an instantaneous refracti...

Results from a 37 ks BeppoSAX Low-Energy Concentrator Spectrometer (LECS) observation of the supersoft source SMC 13 (=1E 0035.4-7230) in the Small Magellanic Cloud are reported. This source has probably the softest spectrum observed so far with BeppoSAX, with no detected counts ∼ >0.5 keV. The BeppoSAX spectrum is fitted either with a blackbody spectrum with an effective temperature kT = 26–58...

Multiplicative preconditioning is a popular tool for handling linear systems of equations provided the relevant information about the associated singular values is available. We propose using additive preconditioners, which are readily available for both general and structured ill conditioned input matrices and which preserve matrix structure. We introduce primal and dual additive preconditioni...

An understanding of knowledge artifacts such as patterns is a necessary prerequisite for any subsequent action. In this article, as an initial step for formulating a theoretical basis for patterns, a conceptual model of primitive viewpoints is proposed and, by exploring one of the viewpoints, a conceptual model for stakeholders of a pattern is presented. This is followed by the description of a...

This study explores the extent and impediments of knowledge sharing in Chinese firms because they are becoming dominant entities in the global economy, yet limited research exists on this important aspect of their operations. Survey data are obtained from experienced managers of 164 Chinese firms from a wide range of industries, sizes, and ownership types. The responses indicate that knowledge ...