background and objectives: biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). fosfomycin is a borad-spectrum antibiotic with inhibitory effects on biofilm production and β-chloro-l-alanine (β-cla) is an amino acid analog. the aim of this study was to determine effect of the combination of fosfomycin and β-cla on biofilm production by mrsa ...

objective(s): bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) play an important role in bone health. cadmium causes osteoporosis, but the exact mechanisms of its effect on mscs are not known. materials and methods: rats were treated with cadmium chloride (40 mg/l) in drinking water for six weeks, and then the biochemical and morphological studies on mscs were carried out as a cellular backup for oste...

background the occult hepatitis b infection (obi) is defined as the presence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in the sera or in the liver biopsy and the absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by serological test. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate the occult hbv infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and determine hbv genotyping among the patients with abnormal alanine t...

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is considered one of the re-emerging diseases avian virus that causes economic damage worldwide. IBH caused by different serotypes fowl adenovirus (FAdV), and most FAdV cases in Malaysia are related to serotype 8b. The objective this study was determine molecular markers UPMT27 Malaysian isolate identify evolutionary relationship through phylogenetic approach. Pro...