A combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations have been employed to study the structures and mode-specific dissociation pathways of the proton-bound dimer of 3-trifluoromethylphenylalanine (3-CF3-Phe) and trimethylamine (TMA). Three structural motifs are identified: canonical (charge-solvated), zwitterionic (charge-separat...

The introduction of regular religious life in the Nordic region is less well-documented than neighbouring kingdoms northern Europe. In absence well-preserved manuscript and material remains, unfounded sometimes distorting suppositions have been made about timeline monastic settlement character conventual it brought. Recent archival archaeological research can offer fresh insights into these que...

The complete genome sequences of two strains of variola virus (VARV) sampled from human smallpox specimens present in the Czech National Museum, Prague, were recently determined, with one of the sequences estimated to date to the mid-19th century. Using molecular clock methods, the authors of this study go on to infer that the currently available strains of VARV share an older common ancestor, ...

NICOLE GONTHIER, Lyon et ses pauvres au moyen-age (1350-1500), Lyons, Editions L'Hermes, 1978, 8vo, pp. 271, illus., F.5 1.00 (paperback). This study is inspired by a desire to reveal those who have been "hidden from history" using whatever documents are available for the period. Relying heavily on wills, church archives, and fiscal documents, Gonthier has skilfully reconstructed the changing m...

advantages as an alternative dosage form (i) avoiding firstpass metabolism, (ii) easy discontinuation of administration, and (iii) reduced side effects; however, the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of skin, provides a primary barrier to transdermal drug delivery. Pentazocine (PTZ), a relatively short-acting narcotic-antagonist analgesic, is used clinically for the relief of cancer...

Vaccinations against infectious diseases are one of the major achievements in medicine in the last century and the most effective method for preventing infections. Concern about safety of vaccinations has been heightened by several reports of possible vaccine-induced autoimmune phenomena following various vaccinations. So far no study was able to show a casual connection between any vaccine and...