Bis-(3',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has been shown to be a global regulatory molecule that modulates the reciprocal responses of bacteria to activate either virulence pathways or biofilm formation. The mechanism of c-di-GMP signal transduction, including recognition of c-di-GMP and subsequent phenotypic regulation, remain largely uncharacterized. The key components of ...

Background: Safety, quality and effectiveness of Chinese patent medicine (CPM) are highly relevant to the manufacturing process. However, the level of manufacturing practice (GMP) for CPM as implemented in China is less reported in literatures. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to reveal the implementation status of GMP for CPM in China, in terms of implementation principle, implementation c...

The preventive effects of glycomacropeptide (GMP) against intestinal infection were investigated, and conjugates of GMP with xylooligosaccharide (XOS) and carboxymethyldextran (CMD) were prepared by the Maillard reaction to enhance the effect of GMP. The binding ability of GMP to intestinal pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by a binding assay with biotinylated bacteria. GMP showed the ability t...

C-di-GMP is a second messenger in bacteria and partly regulates bacterial physiology by binding to class I and II riboswitches. Four class I c-di-GMP riboswitch aptamer candidates, Ct-E88, Cb-17B, Cb-E43 and Cd-630 RNAs, selected from a GEMM RNA sequence motif in the Rfam database, were expressed and experimentally verified to bind to c-di-GMP. The two newly characterized c-di-GMP riboswitches,...

Knowledge of the kinetics of the rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase is essential for understanding the kinetics and gain of the light response. Therefore, the interactions between Mg2+, cyclic GMP, and purified, trypsin-activated bovine rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) were examined. The effects of Mg2+ and of cyclic GMP on the rod phosphodiesterase activity were mutually concentrat...

We study fault tolerance properties of the group membership problem (GMP) in asynchronous systems. This problem requires each process to determine the processes with which it can communicate. We compare the properties of the GMP and consensus. We define failure sensitivity as the necessary property of a failure detector to enable a solution to the GMP. We demonstrate that the known consensus fa...

The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a nearly ubiquitous intracellular signal molecule known to regulate various cellular processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. The intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP is inversely governed by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, which synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP, respectively. The r...

OBJECTIVE To compare the cancer knowledge and skills of interns in 2001 who graduated from graduate medical program (GMP) courses with those from non-GMP courses, and to compare the cancer knowledge and skills of interns in 2001 with those who completed a similar survey in 1990. DESIGN Questionnaire survey of recently graduated interns in a random sample of Australian and New Zealand hospital...

China's Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards that mainly parallel WHO standards were made compulsory in 2004. However, GMP implementation had both positive as well as negative impacts on the pharmaceutical industry, with negatives including pharmaceutical companies suffering economic hardships, poor execution of GMP standards, and sequent health scares. This report briefly describes the ...

Community-based growth promotion (CBGP) delivered by community volunteers aims at enhancing the traditional growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) program delivered by community health nurses through the promotion of optimum infant and young child feeding (IYCF) leading to improved child growth. This study compared IYCF knowledge and practices among caregiver-child pairs (0-24 months) receiving ...