MX-2401 is a semisynthetic calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotic (analogue of amphomycin) in preclinical development for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections. In vitro and in vivo, MX-2401 demonstrates broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of actio...

Mx proteins are interferon-induced members of the dynamin superfamily of large guanosine triphosphatases. These proteins have attracted attention because some display antiviral activity against pathogenic RNA viruses, for example against members of the orthomyxovirus (influenzavirus) family or the bunyavirus family. Transfected cells and transgenic mice expressing Mx proteins are highly resista...

Mouse cells carrying the dominant resistance gene Mx develop a more efficient antiviral state toward influenza viruses in response to interferon than do Mx-negative cells. We have identified an Mx gene-associated product by labeling cultured peritoneal macrophages and embryonic cells with [35S]methionine in the presence or absence of interferon. The radioactive proteins from unfractionated cyto...

Methylxanthines (MX) inhibit cell division in sea urchin and clam eggs. This inhibitory effect is not mediated via cAMP. MX also inhibit respiration in marine eggs, at concentrations which inhibit cleavage. Studies showed that no changes occurred in ATP and ADP levels in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of MX, indicating an extra-mitochondrial site of action for the drug. Subsequent st...

Expression of the Mx protein of rainbow trout was analyzed after induction by poly I:C dsRNA and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Poly I:C dsRNA-treated rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells expressed Mx protein that was detectable by immunoblot analysis at 24 h post induction. Increased expression was observed at 48 h and then declined by 72 h post induction. In contrast, IHNV was n...

Methoxyamine (MX) is the first DNA base-excision-repair (BER) inhibitor evaluated in humans. This work described the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of MX in human plasma. In this method, MX and its stable isotope methoxyl-d(3)-amine (MX-d3 as internal standard) were directly derivatized in human plasma with 4-(N,N-diethylamino)benzaldehyde. The d...

Purpose To evaluate the effects of 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) on the growth of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and to observe the changes in the expression of adenosine receptors (ADORs) in RPE cells upon 7-MX treatment. Methods Human RPE cells (monolayer at about 80% confluence) were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of 7-MX. Cell proliferation was evaluated with 3-(4,5-...

As an attempt to increase the resistance to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and so further reduction of its risk on the poultry industry. This work aimed to build the eukaryotic gene co-expression plasmid of neuraminidase (NA) gene and myxo-virus resistance (Mx) and detect the gene expression in transfected mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) cells, it is most important to investigate the influence of th...

The allele Mx regulates the extent to which interferon alpha/beta inhibits the growth of influenza viruses in mouse cells such as peritoneal macrophages. The time course of induction of the antiviral state against an influenza A virus is comparable in macrophages with and without Mx and is similar to that found with vesicular stomatitis virus. In contrast, the decay of the antiviral state again...

BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the carnitine system in non-tumour tissue following anticancer therapy has been reported. In this setting, supplementation with carnitine derivatives might increase the general metabolic activity of normal cells so that they might better withstand the adverse effects of chemotherapy aimed at tumour cells. Here we investigated the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) alon...