The shortest common superstring (SCS) problem has been studied at great length because of its connections to the de novo assembly problem in computational genomics. The base problem is APXcomplete, but several generalizations of the problem have also been studied. In particular, previous results include that SCS with Negative strings (SCSN) is in Log-APX (though there is no known hardness resul...

One of the most significant manifestations of environmental stress in plants is the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These ROS, if allowed to accumulate unchecked, can lead to cellular toxicity. A battery of antioxidant molecules is present in plants for keeping ROS levels under check and to maintain the cellular homeostasis under stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a ke...

To establish the role of the Apx toxins in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia, specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated deeply endobronchially with either culture filtrates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 or 9, culture filtrates depleted of the Apx toxins by affinity chromatography, depleted culture filtrate supplemented with purified recombinant Apx toxins (rApx), or ...

Drug combinations have been the hotspot of pharmaceutical industry, but promising applications are limited by unmet solubility and low bioavailability. In this work, novel cocrystals, consisting two antithrombotic drugs with poor bioavailability in vivo, namely, apixaban (Apx) quercetin (Que), were developed to discover a potential method improve internal absorption drug combination. Compared A...

Background Ascorbate peroxidase (APx) is a key enzyme of the antioxidant metabolism, catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water, using ascorbate as an electron donor. The H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced constantly by aerobic metabolism. Under biotic and abiotic stress the level of H2O2 increases and, in large quantities, can cause cellular damage. In rice...

We consider the problem of finding a spanning tree with maximum number of leaves (MaxLeaf). A 2-approximation algorithm is known for this problem, and a 3/2-approximation algorithm when restricted to graphs where every vertex has degree 3 (cubic graphs). MaxLeaf is known to be APX-hard in general, and NP-hard for cubic graphs. We show that the problem is also APX-hard for cubic graphs. The APX-...

The photosynthetic performance of leaf discs of transgenic cotton with fourfold elevated activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the chloroplast stroma (APX / plants) was compared to that of wild type (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312) during exposure to 10 8C and 500 mmol photons m 2 s . APX / leaves did not exhibit as large of an increase in cellular H2O2 that was evident in wildtype leaves sh...

Peptide YY (PYY) inhibits CCK-8-secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion in vivo. To investigate whether CCK-8-secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion is mediated through a vago-vagal pathway and whether PYY inhibits this pathway through the area postrema (AP), chronic pancreatic, biliary, and duodenal catheters were implanted in AP-lesioned (APX) or sham-operated rats. The effects of APX on p...

Even under optimal conditions, many metabolic processes, including the chloroplastic, mitochondrial, and plasma membrane-linked electron transport systems of higher plants, produce active oxygen species (AOS). Furthermore, the imposition of biotic and abiotic stress conditions can give rise to excess concentrations of AOS, resulting in oxidative damage at the cellular level. Therefore, antioxid...

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in higher plants. In the present study, a novel APX gene (JctAPX) was cloned from Jatropha curcas L. The deduced amino acid sequence was similar to that of APX of some other plant species. JctAPX has a chloroplast transit peptide and was localized to the chloroplasts by analysis with a JctAPX-green fluores...