Precedence constrained sequencing problem (PCSP) is related to locate the optimal sequence with the shortest traveling time among all feasible sequences. In PCSP, precedence relations determine sequence of traveling between any two nodes. Various methods and algorithms for effectively solving the PCSP have been suggested. In this paper we propose a cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) for effectively ...

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive agent, which is used for the prevention of allograft rejection and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.  Many transplant recipients must take this medicine for the rest of their lives.  Females in reproductive age group on prolonged CsA therapy have legitimate concerns about drug effects on pregnancy. Objective: To explore Cs...

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of standards for digital television. DVB supports the encryption of a transmission using the Common Scrambling Algorithm (DVB-CSA). This is commonly used for PayTV or for other conditional access scenarios. While DVB-CSA support 64 bit keys, many stations use only 48 bits of entropy for the key and 16 bits are used as a checksum. In this paper, we outli...

We study existentially closed CSA-groups. We prove that existentially closed CSA-groups without involutions are simple and divisible, and that their maximal abelian subgroups are conjugate. We also prove that every countable CSA-group without involutions embeds into a finitely generated one having the same maximal abelian subgroups, except maybe the infinite cyclic ones. We deduce from this tha...

Background: Spermatozoa are germ cells that have a pivotal role at fertilisation. Infertility is a problem with a large magnitude. Sperm damages are one of the factors that cause infertility. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−U) or molecules and/or hydroxyl radical (UOH) affect both male and female gametes. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a neutral lipophil...