Kuoppala, Antti, Ken A. Lindstedt, Juhani Saarinen, Petri T. Kovanen, and Jorma O. Kokkonen. Inactivation of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting enzyme and by carboxypeptidase N in human plasma. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278: H1069–H1074, 2000.—Because bradykinin (BK) appears to have cardioprotective effects ranging from improved hemodynamics to antiproliferative effects, inhibition of B...

Because bradykinin (BK) appears to have cardioprotective effects ranging from improved hemodynamics to antiproliferative effects, inhibition of BK-degrading enzymes should potentiate such actions. The purpose of this study was to find out which enzymes are responsible for the degradation of BK in human plasma. Human plasma from healthy donors (n = 10) was incubated with BK in the presence or ab...

Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels are composed of pore-forming α-subunits and accessory β1-subunits that modulate Ca2+ sensitivity. BK channels regulate arterial myogenic tone and renal Na+ clearance/K+ reabsorption. Previous studies using indirect or short-term blood pressure measurements found that BK channel β1-subunit knockout (BK β1-KO) mice were hypertensive. We evaluated ...

As bstract. The interaction of bradykinin (BK) with its specific receptors on intact cultured human fibroblasts results in production ofprostaglandins, including prostacyclin (PG12), and accumulation of cyclic AMP. Incubation of cells with 1 ,tM BK for 5 min at 37°C led to a marked reduction (75-90%) in BK-induced PGI2 release and in total number of [3H]BK-binding sites with no change in dissoc...

If a graph G can be represented by means of paths on grid, such that each vertex corresponds to one path the grid and two vertices are adjacent if only corresponding share edge, then this is called EPG representation representation. A k-bend an in which has at most k bends. The class all graphs have denoted Bk. Bℓm monotonic ℓ-bend representation, i.e. where ascending both columns rows. It triv...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (kininase II [ACE]) inhibitors are capable of potentiating bradykinin (BK) effects by enhancing the actions of bradykinin on B(2) receptors independent of blocking its inactivation. To investigate further the importance of ACE kininase activity on BK-induced vasodilation, we investigated the effect of inhibiting ACE, as well as other kininases, on both BK metabolis...

Large conductance K+ (BK) channels are expressed widely in neurons, where their activation is regulated by membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i). To enable this regulation, BK channels functionally couple to both voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) and channels mediating Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. However, the relationship between BK channels and their specific Ca2...

Xu H, Garver H, Galligan JJ, Fink GD. Large-conductance Ca activated K channel 1-subunit knockout mice are not hypertensive. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300: H476–H485, 2011. First published December 3, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00975.2010.—Large-conductance Ca -activated K (BK) channels are composed of poreforming -subunits and accessory 1-subunits that modulate Ca sensitivity. BK channel...

Retinal vasoconstriction and reduced retinal blood flow precede the onset of diabetic retinopathy. The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie increased retinal arteriolar tone during diabetes remain unclear. Normally, local Ca release events (Ca -sparks), trigger the activation of large-conductance Ca -activated K (BK)-channels which hyperpolarize and relax vascular smooth muscle cells, th...

Liu, Gele, Leonard Kleine, Rania Nasrallah, and Richard L. Hébert. Bradykinin inhibits ceramide production and activates phospholipase D in rabbit cortical collecting duct cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Renal Physiol. 45): F589–F598, 1999.—Recent reports suggest that inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and vasoconstrictor peptides induce sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity. This results in the h...