....................................................................... 10 1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ........................................ 11 1.1 RET RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE.................................. 11 1.1.1 RET gene and RET proteins............................................. 11 1.1.2 RET is a functional receptor for GDNF-family ligands (GFLs).... 12 1.1.3 RET-dependent GFLs si...

Hamster liver microsomal membranes catalyse the synthesis of retinyl phosphate mannose (Ret-P-Man) from GDP-mannose and exogenous retinyl phosphate (RetP). We have previously shown that maximal Ret-P-Man synthesis occurs in vitro at 20-30min, followed by a subsequent loss of mannose from Ret-P-Man, suggestive of an intermediary function of Ret-P-Man and/or Ret-P-Man breakdown [Shidoji, Silverma...

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) are critical for nervous system development and maintenance. GFLs promote survival and growth via activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Ret. In sympathetic neurons, the duration of Ret signaling is governed by how rapidly Ret is degraded after its activation. In an effort to elucidate mechanisms that control...

Rearranged during transfection (RET) rearrangements occur in 1% to 2% of lung adenocarcinomas as well other malignancies and are now established targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We developed three novel RET fusion–positive (RET+) patient–derived cancer cell lines, CUTO22 [kinesin 5B (KIF5B)–RET fusion], CUTO32 (KIF5B-RET fusion), CUTO42 (e...

BACKGROUND RET/PTC rearrangements are the most frequent molecular changes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). So far, 15 main RET/PTC rearrangements have been described, among which RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 are the most common in PTC - especially in radiation-induced tumours. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 are the result of intrachromosomal paracentric inversions in chromosome 10, where RET and the activ...

INTRODUCTION Re-emergent tremor (RET) is a postural tremor that appears after a variable delay in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence and the clinical characteristics of RET in a population of patients with PD. METHODS We consecutively assessed 210 patients with PD. We collected the patients' demographic and clinical data. RET wa...

RET receptor signalling is essential for glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-induced survival and differentiation of various neurons such as mesencephalic neurons. To identify proteins that mediate RET-dependent signaling, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed with the intracellular domain of RET as bait. We identified a new interaction between RET and the adapter protein SH2-...

Substitution of Cys-634 in the extracellular domain of the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor causes its dimerization and activation of its transforming potential. To gain further insight into the molecular basis leading to Ret activation we purified a mutant protein consisting of the entire ectodomain of the Ret carrying a Cys-634-->Tyr substitution (EC-Ret(C634Y)). The protein is glycosylated, like...

ion levels of requirements 1 31 1 RET for big data Big data for RET (e.g. A/B testing) 6 2 RET for quality requirements Quality requirements and how to handle test 1 3 3 Testing non-functional requirements 1 8 2 co-evolution of quality reqts and tests Processes and practices for supporting RET 8 2 Test-driven requirements engineering Big data for RET (e.g. A/B testing) 6 2 Tool support for RET ...

RET/PTC rearrangements are one of the genetic hallmarks of papillary thyroid carcinomas. RET/PTC oncoproteins lack extracellular or transmembrane domains, and activation takes place through constitutive dimerization mediated through coiled-coil motifs in the NH(2) terminus of the chimeric protein. Based on the observation that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor PKI166 ...