The use of SAS V5 transport files, unfortunate, is still currently required for FDA submissions. Many users in the pharmaceutical industry, however, are not well versed on the structure or detemining the contents of transprort files. It is quite common for many of us to receive a SAS transport file from a vendor or a CRO. The first question is always – is it a .XPT file format or a .CPT file fo...

Purine riboswitches are RNA regulatory elements that control purine metabolism in response to intracellular concentrations of the purine ligands. Conformational changes of the guanine riboswitch aptamer domain induced by guanine binding lead to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in guanine biosynthesis. The guanine riboswitch aptamer domain has three RNA helices designated P1, P2, and...

Mineral scaling constitutes a major problem in geothermal fields. It imposes adverse impacts on the performance of power plant as mineral precipitates and clogs facilities, affecting steam production. This paper identifies processes leading to formation calcite, pyrite, anhydrite scales Well-1 located at Matalibong sector, one production sectors Tiwi Geothermal Field, Albay, Philippines, using ...

The mfl-riboswitch regulates expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit in Mesoplasma florum by binding to 2'-deoxyguanosine and thereby promoting transcription termination. We characterized the structure of the ligand-bound aptamer domain by NMR spectroscopy and compared the mfl-aptamer to the aptamer domain of the closely related purine-sensing riboswitches. We show that the mfl-aptamer a...

Structural transitions of RNA between alternate conformations with similar stabilities are associated with important aspects of cellular function. Few techniques presently exist that are capable of monitoring such transitions and thereby provide insight into RNA dynamics and function at atomic resolution. Riboswitches are found in the 5'-UTR of mRNA and control gene expression through structura...

Long-range tertiary interactions determine the three-dimensional structure of a number of metabolite-binding riboswitch RNA elements and were found to be important for their regulatory function. For the guanine-sensing riboswitch of the Bacillus subtilis xpt-pbuX operon, our previous NMR-spectroscopic studies indicated pre-formation of long-range tertiary contacts in the ligand-free state of it...

The propagation of guided waves in free standing (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 [PMN–xPT] (x = 0.29 or 0.33) single crystal plates has been studied theoretically. The polar directions are in the 〈111〉 family directions of the cubic reference coordinates but the crystals are being polarized along [0 0 1]c, [0 1 1]c and [1 1 1]c of the cubic reference directions so that the effective microscopic...