Tactile stimulation of the oropharynx (TSO) elicits the gag reflex and increases heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized patients. However, the interaction between upper-airway defense reflexes and the sympathetic nervous system has not been investigated in conscious humans. In Experiment 1, beat-by-beat measurements of HR, MAP, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA),...

This study is aimed at identifying factors predicting tracheostomy requirement in children diagnosed with a posterior fossa medulloblastoma postoperatively. A retrospective chart review of all patients younger than 18 undergoing resection from 2012 to 2020 Namazi Hospital was conducted. Forty-five (26%) needed after the operation. The most common correlates were brainstem compression and absenc...

Gagging is most common protective reflex that prevents the foreign bodies from entering trachea. But some patients have abnormally active gag reflex. The purpose of this paper was to describe method of managing gagging patients , based on modified treatment approaches, starting from impression making to design of the prosthesis i.e. palateless denture, to help the patient tolerate prosthesis in...

BACKGROUND Unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is simpler and safer than sedated EGD; however, approximately 40% of patients cannot tolerate it. Early identification of patients likely to poorly tolerate unsedated EGD is valuable for improving compliance. The modified Mallampati classification (MMC) has been used to evaluate difficult tracheal intubation and laryngoscope insertion. We tr...

Introduction: Cranial nerve palsy in Wegener’s granulomatosis is a curious incident, particularly if it occurs without kidney or lung involvement. In a review of medical articles, only 1 case of Wegener’s granulomatosis with bilateral facial nerve palsy was found. Case Presentation: The patient was a 16-year-old female who presented with pain and hearing ...