traumatic retrolisthesis is a rare injury and may result in intervertebral disc extrusion and nerve root injury. these injuries are highly unstable and require surgery for decompression and stabilization. traumatic retrolisthesis of l5 with acute l5/s1 disc extrusion associated with nerve root injury has not been reported previously in english literatures. we herein report a case of traumatic r...

background: intervertebral disc herniation is a major cause of low back pain. several treatment methods are available for lumbar disc herniation including chemonucleolysis, open surgery, nucleoplasty, laser disc decompression, and intradiscal electrothermal therapy. the high prevalence of lumbar disc herniation necessitates a minimally invasive yet effective treatment method. in this study, we ...

lumbar disc herniation (ldh) is the most common cause of sciatica and only in about 10% of the affected patients, surgical intervention is necessary. the side of the patient (the side of most prominent clinical complaints) is usually consistent with the side of imaging (the side with most prominent disc herniation on imaging scans). in this case series, we presented our experience in four cases...

background and objectives : resistance among bacterial isolates is the leading cause of increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. carbapenems once thought to be effective are becoming ineffective mostly due to the emergence of carbapenemase. this study was designed to determine in vitro efficacy of modified hodge test for detection of carbapenemase production in gram negative rods. material ...

Disc Degeneration: Spondylosis (Spondylosis Deformans) is a general term used for age-related changes to the disc. This includes disc dessication, bulging and marginal osteophyte. Disc degeneration (Intervertebral osteochondrosis) (Resnick) is characterized by disorganization and dessication of the nucleus pulposis and by disc space narrowing. With loss of disc space height there is annular bul...

INTRODUCTION Varied definitions of disc pathology exist in the literature. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) classification systems incorporate several qualitative features including disc appearance, the distinction between the nucleus and the annulus, signal intensity and intervertebral disc height. The lack of a continuous measure has made it difficult to sensitively examine degenerative disc ...

PURPOSE To describe optic disc variables assessed by evaluation of clinical optic disc photographs and to compare sensitivity and specificity of these optic disc parameters in identifying patients with ocular hypertension who have nerve fiber layer defects and normal visual fields and patients with visual field defects. METHODS The study included 500 normal subjects, 132 patients with ocular ...

Background & Aim: Low back pain is the most debilitating condition, and can lead to decreased physical function, compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. Several studies have been conducted to recognize the risk factors of low back pain, but despite of strong relationship between obesity and low back pain, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study wa...

کلید واژه های هژمونی و ضد را نخستین بار آنتونیو گرامشی مطرح نمود تا نحوه ی کارکرد اعمال قدرت نرم توسط سیستم حاکم تشریح کند. در تعریف گرامشی، به گفتمان هایی اطلاق می شود که آنها ارزش گنجانده شده شکل خواستار کسب رضایت آحاد جامعه است. مقابل، معنای متضادی است مقابل هژمونیک ایستد آرمان افراد خارج از دایره بیان رمان خم رودخانه اثر نایپال درحالیکه بازتاب غالب دوران استعمار پسااستعمار پردازد، همزمان طر...