Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 di...

We analyse the Granger causal relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP in a sample of 31 developing countries covering 31 years. Using estimators for heterogeneous panel data we find bi-directional causality between the FDI-to-GDP ratio and the level of GDP. FDI has a lasting impact on GDP, while GDP has no longrun impact on the FDI-to-GDP ratio. In that sense FDI causes gr...

This study tests for the stationarity of aggregate output (GDP at factor cost) and its three major components, namely GDP agriculture, GDP industry and GDP services in the presence of structural breaks during 1950-51 to 2011-12. Results indicate that (i) the GDP has three break points; (ii) GDP agriculture contains one while the GDP industry and GDP services contain four breaks each; and (iii) ...

BACKGROUND Glow discharge plasma (GDP) procedure is an effective method for grafting various proteins, including albumin, type I collagen, and fibronectin, onto a titanium surface. However, the behavior and impact of titanium (Ti) surface modification is yet to be unraveled. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the biological properties of fibronectin-grafted Ti surfac...

This paper uses Johansen multivariate cointegration analysis to examine the relationship between health and GDP for 13 OECD countries over the last two centuries, for periods ranging from 1820-2001 to 1921-2001. A similar, long run, cointegrating relationship between life expectancy and both total GDP and GDP per capita was found for all the countries estimated. The relationships have a signifi...