The bacterial cell wall is conserved in prokaryotes, stabilizing cells against osmotic stress. Beta-lactams inhibit cell-wall synthesis and induce lysis through a bulge-mediated mechanism; however, little is known about the formation dynamics and stability of these bulges. To capture processes of different timescales, we developed an imaging platform combining automated image analysis with live...

The hair follicle bulge in the epidermis associates with the arrector pili muscle (APM) that is responsible for piloerection ("goosebumps"). We show that stem cells in the bulge deposit nephronectin into the underlying basement membrane, thus regulating the adhesion of mesenchymal cells expressing the nephronectin receptor, α8β1 integrin, to the bulge. Nephronectin induces α8 integrin-positive ...

Recent data suggest that heterogeneous compartments of the bulge display differential gene expression, and supply cells to different lineages within the pilosebaceous unit (Jaks et al, 2008; Jensen et al, 2009; Snippert et al, 2010). In particular, Lgr6 and Lrig1 are expressed above the CD34þ bulge region and Lgr6 expressing cells contribute primarily to the sebaceous gland (Figure 1). Thus, if...

At a bulge latitude of b = −4◦, the average [Fe/H] and [Mg/H] values are +0.06 and +0.17 dex, roughly 0.2 and 0.7 dex higher than the local thin and thick disk values, respectively, suggesting a large bulge effective yield, perhaps due to efficient retention of supernova ejecta. The bulge vertical [Fe/H] gradient, at ∼0.5 dex/kpc, appears to be due to a changing mixture of sub-populations (near...

BACKGROUND Hair follicle stem cells exist in different sites. Most of the hair follicle stem cells are reside in niche called bulge. Bulge region is located between the opening of sebaceous gland and the attachment site of the arrector pili muscle. METHODS Data were collected using databases and resources of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE and their references from the...

WFPC2 images obtained with the Hubble Space telescope 4.16 years apart have allowed us to measure the proper motion of the metal rich globular cluster NGC 6553 with respect to the background bulge stars. With a space velocity of (Π, Θ, W) = (-3.5, 230,-3) km s −1 , NGC 6553 follows the mean rotation of both disk and bulge stars at a Galactocentric distance of 2.7 kpc. While the kinematics of th...

A bulge is an extra, unpaired nucleotide on one strand of a DNA double helix. This paper describes bulge-specific strand scission by the DNA intercalating/cleaving drugs neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-C), bleomycin (BLM), and methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE). For this study we have constructed a series of 5'-32P end labeled oligonucleotide duplexes that are identical except for the location of a b...

We report detailed chemical abundance analysis of 27 RGB stars towards the Galactic bulge in Baade’s Window for elements produced by massive stars: O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Ti. All of these elements are overabundant in the bulge relative to the disk, indicating that the bulge is enhanced in Type II supernova ejecta and most likely formed more rapidly than the disk. Our [Mg/Fe] ratios, confirme...

How stem cells maintain their identity and potency as tissues change during growth is not well understood. In mammalian hair, it is unclear how hair follicle stem cells can enter an extended period of quiescence during the resting phase but retain stem cell potential and be subsequently activated for growth. Here, we use lineage tracing and gene expression mapping to show that the Wnt target ge...