Arctic sea ice variations are sensitive to environmental changes and global changes. Freeboard thickness two important parameters in change research. Satellite altimetry can provide long-time large-scale monitoring. We estimated the freeboard its for period from 2002 2012 Envisat satellite data. To remove geoid undulations, we reprocessed data using a newly developed mean surface (MSS) model, n...

Accurate retrieval of ice surface temperature (IST) over the Arctic ice-water mixture zone (IWMZ) is significantly essential for monitoring change polar sea environment. Previous researchers have focused on evaluating accuracy IST in pack regions, possibly account availability situ measurement data. Few them assessed IWMZ. This study utilized Landsat 8/TIRS and Operation IceBridge observations ...

chaldoran area in nw of iran has mesozoic oceanic crust basement. the studied rocks of this region can be divided into three groups: ophiolitic gabbros and pillow lavas, ophiolitic volcanoclastics and eocene lava flows. ophiolitic mafic rocks show continental volcanic arc natures and eocene lava flow shows oib-like nature. during the mesozoic,the chaldoran region was situated in the active cont...

Xe, produced from the radioactive decay of extinct I, and Xe, produced from extinct Pu and extant U, have provided important constraints on early mantle outgassing and volatile loss from Earth. The low ratios of radiogenic to non-radiogenic xenon (Xe/Xe) in ocean island basalts (OIBs) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) have been used as evidence for the existence of a relatively undega...

The role of a mafic component in the petrogenesis of Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) is highly debated. As the best studied OIB, Hawaiian lavas provide critical insights into OIB genesis. At a given MgO content, the CaO content in the melt has been used to distinguish between partial melts of peridotite and garnet pyroxenite/eclogite. However, calculations using the BATCH program show that CaO co...

The metamorphic sole rocks at the base of mantle peridotites from the Mersin ophiolite consist of amphibolites and metasedimentary lithologies. Mineral parageneses in the metamorphic sole rocks exhibit amphibolite and greenschist facies assemblages. Geothermobarometric studies based on mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals indicate that average metamorphic temperature during...

آراء و اندیشه‌های فارابی در تبیین شکاف میان معرفت فعل اخلاقی، با بررسی نقش مدینة‌ فاضله نمایان می‌شود. از نظر فارابی، وظیفة حکومت مدینة فاضله،‌ ایجاد زمینة مناسب برای عادت‌ها سنت‌های شهرها بین امت‌هاست که طریق تعلیم تربیت امکان‌پذیر واقع دیدگاه مدینه می‌تواند شرایط صحیح به تبع آن بروز ظهور رفتارهای اخلاقی پسندیده گردد زمانی است نوع فاضلة باشد؛ اما عین حال زمینه‌ساز فاسقه باشد. فاسقه، مدینه‌ای ا...

هیدروفرمینگ لوله به‌طور گسترده، در تولید قطعات ساختاری اتومبیل استفاده می‌شود. یکی از خصوصیات تولید‌شده با این فرایند، نسبت استحکام به وزن بالا می‌باشد. لولۀ فشار پایین، روش‌های پیشنهاد‌شده برای حل مشکلات قبیل نیاز بالای سیال و آب‌بندی روش انجام پایین لوله، شبیه فشردن جسم جامد است آن برخلاف بالا، قالب بالایی طول فرایند ثابت نبوده هم‌زمان اعمال داخلی حرکت کرده را تحت قرار می‌دهد. مقاله، لوله‌های...