Large conductance, calcium- and voltage-gated potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitous and critical for neuronal function, immunity, and smooth muscle contractility. BK channels are thought to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) only through phospholipase C (PLC)-generated PIP(2) metabolites that target Ca(2+) stores and protein kinase C and, eventually, the BK channel....

Phosphatidylinosital-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) acts as an essential factor regulating the activity of all Kir channels. In most Kir members, the dependence on PIP 2 is modulated by other factors, such as protein kinases (in Kir1), G (in Kir3), and the sulfonylurea receptor (in Kir6). So far, however, no regulator has been identified in Kir2 channels. Here we show that polyamines, which cause in...

In Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice, HrpXo is known to be a transcriptional regulator for the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes. Several HrpXo regulons are preceded by a consensus sequence (TTCGC-N(15)-TTCGC), called the plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box, which is required for expression of the gene that follows. Thus, the PIP...

A single-cell assay was developed to measure the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) using microanalytical chemical separations and a fluorescently labeled lipid substrate. Phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5 bisphosphate labeled on its acyl chain with Bodipy fluorescein (Bodipy Fl PIP(2)) was utilized as a substrate for both in vitro and cell-based assays. Detection limits for the substrate a...

The present work investigates the effect of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) on native TRPC6 channel activity in freshly dispersed rabbit mesenteric artery myocytes using patch clamp recording and co-immunoprecipitation methods. Inclusion of 100 microM diC8-PIP(2) in the patch pipette and bathing solutions, respectively, inhibited angiotensin II (Ang II)-evoked whole-cell cation c...

The second messenger lipid PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) is generated by the lipid kinase PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it regulates a broad array of cell processes by recruiting multiple signaling proteins containing PIP(3)-specific pleckstrin homology (PH) domains to the membrane surface. Despite the broad importance of...

BACKGROUND Pressure injury prevention (PIP) is an important area of patient safety. Encouraging patient participation in care is a growing trend in healthcare as it can increase adherence to treatment plans and improve outcomes. Patients in acute care settings may be able to take on an active role in PIP. However, there is limited information on patients' views of their perceived role in PIP. T...

BACKGROUND The use of psychotropic drugs by elderly people is widely spread around the world, given that prevalence of inappropriate medication is frequent. Strictly speaking, in Brazil, the vulnerable population of elderly people is more likely to use Potentially Inappropriate Psychotropic (PIP) due to the impact of social-economic characteristics, to the Brazilian Public Health System, and to...

In eukaryotic chemotaxis, the mechanisms connecting external signals to the motile apparatus remain unclear. The role of the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP₃) has been particularly controversial. PIP₃ has many cellular roles, notably in growth control and macropinocytosis as well as cell motility. Here we show that PIP₃ is not only unnecessary for Dictyostelium discoideum to...

BACKGROUND The PIP (prolactin-inducible protein) gene has been shown to be expressed in breast cancers, with contradictory results concerning its implication. As both the physiological role and the molecular pathways in which PIP is involved are poorly understood, we conducted combined gene expression profiling and network analysis studies on selected breast cancer cell lines presenting distinc...