Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieties suitable for saline soils. We evaluated 129 Pakistani and 58 exotic wheat landraces/cultivars grown in Hoagland's hydroponic nutrient solution, under control (tap water equivalent to 10 mM salt) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Forty-four genotypes were also tested under 250 mM NaCl...

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a mathematical tool capable of simulating a wide range of fluid flows. Integrated CFD software has been applied to study the flows in oilfield separators. The influence of inlets, internals, and outlets has been studied with CFD simulations. Of particular value has been the ability of CFD to simulate wave induced sloshing in vessels mounted on floating plat...

It is becoming a popular practice for architects and HVAC engineers to simulate airflows in and around buildings by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods in order to predict indoor and outdoor environments . However, many CFD programs are crippled by a historically poor and inefficient user interface system, particularly for users with little training in numerical simulation. This investig...

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code calculates flow properties for the analysis of a flow system. Flow properties are computed based on conservation principles and various phenomenological models. The accuracy of the computed flow properties highly depends on the validity of the models and the degree of numerical convergence. Validation of a CFD code is essential for application of an engine...

We present two fourth-order compact finite difference (CFD) discretizations of the velocity-pressure formulation of the acoustic wave equation in 2-D rectangular grids. The first method uses standard implicit CFD on nodal meshes and requires solving tridiagonal linear systems along each grid line, while the second scheme employs a novel set of mimetic CFD operators for explicit differentiation ...

شرایط افروزش و اشتعال سوخت‌های گداخت هسته‌ای در حضور ناخالص­‌ها، یکی از موارد مهمی است که طراحی قرص‌های سوخت باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این مقاله اثر ناخالصی هسته سنگین طلا بر کلیه فرایندهای احتراق پلاسمای غیرتعادلی دوتریم- تریتیم مدل چهار دمایی آن شکل تابع توزیع انرژی رفتار فوتون‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد بررسی گرفته است. مطالعه شامل اثرات منفی سوخت، طول زمان تشکیل لکه داغ نتایج محاسبات عددی به­ دست آم...

It is becoming a popular practice for architects and HVAC engineers to simulate airflows in and around buildings by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods in order to predict indoor and outdoor environment. However, many CFD programs are crippled by a historically poor and inefficient user interface system, particularly for users with little training in numerical simulation. This investigat...

Model – Contains all information relevant for a CFD simulation like mesh specifications, volume and boundary conditions, initial conditions, needed solver output, etc. Simulation set-ups are defined through classes, relations and attributes in an object oriented approach avoiding issues encountered with history based strategies. Abstract Models are shape and CAD system independent but CFD solve...

Traditional fluid mechanics textbooks are generally written with problem sets comprised of closed, analytical solutions. However, it is recognized that complex flow fields are not easily represented in terms of a closed solution. A tool that allows the student to visualize complex flow phenomena in a virtual environment can significantly enhance the learning experience. Such a visualization too...