In this paper the control strategies of svc are described.SVC is used to stabilize the voltage profile in a grid system.In the designing of SVC there is a combination of three TSC’s and one TCR.The SVC consists of a group of shunt connected capacitor banks and inductors with fast speed of response afforded by thyristor switching. The SVC provides the required amount of reactive power compensati...

A binary linear classification method, CGS method, was recently proposed by Gotoh and Takeda. The classification model was developed by introducing a risk measure known as the conditional value-at-risk (β-CVaR). CVaR minimization for the margin distribution leads to CGS problem, equivalent to ν-SVC of Schölkopf et al. in the convex case and Extended ν-SVC of Perez-Cruz et al. in the nonconvex c...

BACKGROUND Superior vena cava (SVC) is an infrequent yet an important source of atrial fibrillation. The clinical impact of ATP injection on arrhythmogenic SVC has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 43 patients (59±11 years; men, 32) who underwent ATP test for arrhythmogenic SVC after the electric isolation at either initial procedure or repeat procedure were included. Pulmona...

BACKGROUND The superior vena cava (SVC) has been proved to be a focal point in the initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of atrial fibrillation. However, the arrhythmogenic potentials of SVC and its responses to autonomic agents are not clear. The purpose of this study was to isolate single SVC cardiomyocytes and to inv...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to clarify the relation between atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) for internal cardioversion (IC) and arrhythmogenicity of the superior vena cava (SVC). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 159 consecutive patients (139 male, age 59.9±10.3 years) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) were assessed. IC was performed i...

To assess superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, we performed two-dimensional contrast echocardiography (2-D contrast echo) in 18 patients, ages 1-9 years. Sterile saline was injected into a peripheral scalp or arm vein while the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the systemic venous atrium (SVA) was imaged from the s...

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is usually caused by malignant tumors or their lymph node metastases oppressing a SVC. However, we encountered a case of SVC syndrome that was caused by a thrombus in the SVC, which we considered as a manifestation of Trousseau's syndrome triggered by underlying prostate cancer. A 60-year-old man patient complained of facial swelling. Physical examinations sugg...

Total absence of superior vena cava (SVC) is a very rare anomaly, and the patient usually suffers from SVC syndrome or conduction disturbances. We report an asymptomatic 27 year-old male, with complete absence of SVC. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography demonstrated the absence of SVC and other congenital cardiac anomalies, but the presence of prominent collateral vessels tha...

Although invasive thymoma commonly infiltrates neighbouring mediastinal structures, its extension into the superior vena cava (SVC) and consequent SVC occlusion are rare. In such cases, the urgent removal of the thymoma and radical resection of the infiltrated SVC representreasonable options, since induction therapy is time-consuming and useless for symptom resolution. A case of invasive thymom...