Translation of influenza A virus PB1-F2 occurs in a second open reading frame (ORF) of the PB1 gene segment. PB1-F2 has been implicated in regulation of polymerase activity, immunopathology, susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, and induction of apoptosis. Experimental evidence of PB1-F2 molecular function during infection has been collected primarily from human and avian viral isola...

PB1-F2 protein is a factor of virulence of influenza A viruses which increases the mortality and morbidity associated with infection. Most seasonal H1N1 Influenza A viruses express nowadays a truncated version of PB1-F2. Here we show that truncation of PB1-F2 modified supramolecular organization of the protein in a membrane-mimicking environment. In addition, full-length PB1-F2(1-90) and C-term...

Acoustic studies of several languages indicate that second-formant (F2) slopes in high vowels have opposing directions (independent of consonantal context): front [iː]-like vowels are produced with a rising F2 slope, whereas back [uː]-like vowels are produced with a falling F2 slope. The present study first reports acoustic measurements that confirm this pattern for the English variety of Stand...

Single-crystals of the title compound, nona-potassium triyttrium dodeca-silicate difluoride, were obtained from flux synthesis experiments in the system SiO2-Y2O3-KF. The crystal structure belongs to the group of single-layer silicates and is based on silicate sheets parallel to (110). A single layer contains secondary (Q (2)) and tertiary (Q (3)) silicate tetra-hedra in the ratio 1:2 and is bu...

scott and szewczyk in technometrics, 2001, have introduced a similarity measure for twodensities f1 and f2 , by1, 21 21 1 2 2( , ), ,f fsim f ff f f f< >=< >< >wheref1, f2 f1(x, θ1)f2(x, θ2)dx.+∞−∞< >=∫sim(f1, f2) has some appropriate properties that can be suitable measures for the similarity of f1 and f2 .however, due to some restrictions on the value of parameters and the kind of densities, ...

Worker Preferences Firm Preferences w1 : [f1] f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f1 : [w1] w2 w3 w4 w5 w6 w7 w8 w2 : f1 [f2] f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f2 : w1 [w2] w3 w4 w5 w6 w7 w8 w3 : f1 f2 [f3] f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f3 : w1 w2 [w3] w4 w5 w6 w7 w8 w4 : f1 f2 f3 [f4] f5 f6 f7 f8 f4 : w1 w2 w3 [w4] w5 w6 w7 w8 w5 : f1 f2 f3 f4 [f5] f6 f7 f8 f5 : w1 w2 w3 w4 [w5] w6 w7 w8 w6 : f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 [f6] f7 f8 f6 : w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 ...

UNLABELLED Influenza A viruses (IAVs) express the PB1-F2 protein from an alternate reading frame within the PB1 gene segment. The roles of PB1-F2 are not well understood but appear to involve modulation of host cell responses. As shown in previous studies, we find that PB1-F2 proteins of mammalian IAVs frequently have premature stop codons that are expected to cause truncations of the protein, ...

Superinfection by phage T4 of cells infected by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) phage f2 results in inhibition of further f2 production. Experiments using rifampin show that the exclusion of f2 requires T4 gene function soon after T4 infection. By using a sensitive new peptide-mapping procedure to identify f2 coat protein in infected cells, we show that synthesis of the f2 coat occurs at a reduced l...

PB1-F2 is a 90 amino acid protein that is expressed from the +1 open reading frame in the PB1 gene of some influenza A viruses and has been shown to contribute to viral pathogenicity. Notably, a serine at position 66 (66S) in PB1-F2 is known to increase virulence compared to an isogenic virus with an asparagine (66N) at this position. Recently, we found that an influenza virus expressing PB1-F2...