Global gas markets feature two types of suppliers: piped gas and LNG exporters. Pipelines have a high degree of “asset specificity”: once built, they are physically bound to a particular route. LNG is transported by tanker, with a choice of export markets. Put simply: LNG is mobile, pipelines are not. This paper uses game-theoretic modelling to show how its commitment to serving a single market...

Iran’s vast common natural gas resources and the necessity to extract and export it as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to distances more than 3000Km opens a lucrative field for researchers to optimize LNG cycles. In this article heat integration in cryogenic cycles by determining interacycle partition temperature and optimizing refrigeration features like Subcooler, Presaturator, aftercooler, reboi...

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) shares in the global energy market is steadily increasing. One possible application of LNG is as a fuel for transportation. Stricter air pollution regulations and emission controls have made the natural gas a promising alternative to liquid petroleum fuels, especially in the case of heavy transport. However, in most LNG-fueled vehicles, the physical exergy of LNG is ...

INTRODUCTION Sub-dermal hormone implants, such as levonorgestrel (LNG), are a safe and desirable form of long-acting contraception, but their use among HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be compromised given the potential for a cytochrome P450 3A-mediated drug-drug interaction. Our study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of LNG released from a sub-dermal implant ove...

The growing popularity of levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intra-uterine systems for long-acting reversible contraception provides strong impetus to define immunomodulatory properties of this exogenous progestin. In initial in vitro studies herein, we found LNG significantly impaired activation of human dendritic cell (DCs) and their capacity to promote allogeneic T cell proliferation. In follow-...

Energy plays a fundamental role in both manufacturing and services, and natural gas is quickly becoming a key energy source worldwide. Facilitating this emergence is the expanding network of ocean-going vessels that enable the matching of natural gas supply and demand on a global scale by transporting it in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for eventual regasification at its destination. ...

BACKGROUND The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) was developed over 30 years ago, but the product is currently too expensive for widespread use in many developing countries. In Kenya, one organization has received donated commodities for 5 years, providing an opportunity to assess impact and potential future role of the product. METHODS We reviewed service statistics on insertions ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on the tamoxifen-induced endometrial lesions in breast cancer patients. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios were obtained to estimate the association between the LNG-IUS and tamoxifen-induced endometrial lesions. The fixed effec...

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming one of the prominent clean energy sources with its abundance, high calorific value, and low emission and price. Vapors generated from LNG due to heat leak are called boil-off gas (BOG). As world-wide LNG productions are in an increasingly growth, BOG generation and handling problems become more critical subject to more intense global competitions and stri...