Previously, we have demonstrated that nicotinamide (NAM), a neuroprotective soluble B-group vitamin, improves recovery of function following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, no prior studies have examined whether NAM is beneficial following continuous infusions over 7 days post-TBI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical efficacy of NAM treatment as it might be deliv...

Two compounds are known as the vitamin niacIn: nicotinic acid (NiA) and nicotinamide (Nam). The physiological functions and metabolic fates of NiA and Nam are identical, but differ when pharmacological doses are administered. Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic interactions between NiA and Nam when their pharmacological doses were administered together. We measured seven major niacin c...

Nicotinamide (NAM), an important cofactor in many metabolic pathways, exhibits at high doses neuroprotective abilities of an unclear mechanism. In the present study we evaluated the unknown protective capability of its immediate metabolite 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in comparison to NAM in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) submitted to acute excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicity wa...

The physical nature of weak body-conducted vocal-tract resonance signals called non-audible murmur (NAM) were investigated using numerical simulation and acoustic analysis of the NAM signals. Computational fluid dynamics simulation reveals that a weak vortex flow occurs in the supraglottal region when uttering NAM; a source of NAM is a turbulent noise source produced due to a vortex flow. Furth...

Petunia embryos carrying the no apical meristem (nam) mutation fail to develop a shoot apical meristem. Occasional shoots on nam- seedlings bear flowers that develop ten instead of five primordia in the second whorl. Double mutants with the homeotic gene green petals show that nam acts independently of organ identify in whorl 2 and now also affects primordium number in whorl 3. The nam gene was...

In this paper, we present the use of stethoscope and silicon NAM microphones in automatic speech recognition. NAM microphones are special acoustic sensors, which are attached behind the talker’s ear and can capture not only normal (audible) speech, but also very quietly uttered speech (non-audible murmur). As a result, NAM microphones can be applied in automatic speech recognition systems when ...

We developed the next generation of skin-attachment sensors for sampling NAM (Non-Audible Murmur) signals by using soft silicone, which has an acoustic impedance close to that of human flesh, as the prime medium of vibration. With new NAM microphones we could sample expanded target voice signal, suppressing air conduction noise signal to low by the experiment of synchronous stereo sampling of a...

Non-Audible Murmur (NAM) is an extremely soft whispered voice detected by a special body-conductive microphone called a NAM microphone. Although NAM is a promising medium for silent speech communication, its quality is significantly degraded by its faint volume and spectral changes caused by body-conductive recording. To improve the quality of NAM, several enhancement methods based on statistic...