The Standardized Letter of Recommendation (SLR), a 28-item form, was created by ETS to supplement the qualitative rating of graduate school applicants’ nonacademic qualities with a quantitative approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the following psychometric properties of the SLR using the Rasch rating-scale model: dimensionality, reliability, item quality, and rating category eff...

Results SLR was diagnosed in 8/308 (2.6%) HNC patients. Of which 3 had mediastinal nodal uptake only, 2 had bilateral hilar nodal uptake only and 3 had both mediastinal and hilar uptake. All the 8 patients had primary HNC and deep cervical lymphadenopathy but no distant metastases, hence misinterpretation of SLR would have upstaged as M1 (metastasis positive). 4 cases were identified on scan fo...

Local increases in sea level caused by global climate change pose a significant threat to the persistence of many coastal plant species through exacerbating inundation, flooding, and erosion. In addition to sea level rise (SLR), climate changes in the form of air temperature and precipitation regimes will also alter habitats of coastal plant species. Although numerous studies have analyzed the ...

BACKGROUND The straight leg raise (SLR) neurodynamic test is commonly used to examine the sensitivity of the lower quarter nervous system to movement. Range of motion during the SLR varies considerably, due to factors such as age, sex and activity level. Knowing intra-individual, inter-limb differences may provide a normative measure that is not influenced by such demographic characteristics. T...

Sea level rise (SLR) is believed to be the most dangerous impact of climate change in coastal regions. Adapting to its impacts has become imperative since SLR is now considered inevitable. Lack of local economic analysis of SLR impacts is one of the major obstacles impeding adaptation. To address this gap, this study employs a spatiotemporal approach to estimate the economic costs of future SLR...

One of the main consequences of mean sea level rise (SLR) on human settlements is an increase in flood risk due to an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme sea levels (ESL). While substantial research efforts are directed towards quantifying projections and uncertainties of future global and regional SLR, corresponding uncertainties in contemporary ESL have not been assessed and pr...

The spo0B gene, which exists as an operon with the obg gene, is required to initiate sporulation (stage 0) of Bacillus subtilis . This gene encodes a phosphotransferase in the multicomponent phosphorelay system. We here report the novel finding that a spo0B 5'-terminal SLR (stem-loop structure sequestering ribosome binding sequence; ACUCCUAA-X16-UUG GGAG U, Delta G = -8.71 kcal/mol) attenuated ...

[1] Changes in J2, resulting from past and present changes in Earth’s climate, are traditionally observed by Satellite Laser ranging (SLR). Assuming an elastic Earth, it is possible to infer changes in J2 from changes in Earth’s shape observed by GPS. We compare estimates of non‐secular J2 changes from GPS, SLR, GRACE, and a load model. The GPS and SLR annual signals agree but are different (16...