In this paper we present a method which allows attackers to covertly leak data from isolated, air-gapped computers. Our method utilizes the hard disk drive (HDD) activity LED which exists in most of today’s desktop PCs, laptops and servers. We show that a malware can indirectly control the HDD LED, turning it on and off rapidly (up to 5800 blinks per second) – a rate that exceeds the visual per...

AbstractWe have demonstrated the impact of developments in nanotechnology to Hard Disk Drive (HDD) technology. We have put forth a proposition to enhance the modeling of future storage devices based on innovations in the field of Nanotechnology and MEMS. We have elucidated the influence of recent advances of Nano-Composites, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) etc. and their implications to...

Climate change is expected to decrease heating demand and increase cooling demand for buildings and affect outdoor thermal comfort. Here, we project changes in residential heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) for the historical (1981-2010) and future (2080-2099) periods in the United States using median results from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) si...

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hay was made in 96 large-round bales over 3 harvests during 2006 and 2007 to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on dry matter (DM) recovery, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and in situ disappearance kinetics of DM. Throughout these harvests, bales were made at preset diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m and at moisture conc...

Proper analysis of building energy performance requires selecting appropriate models for handling complicated calculations. Machine learning has recently emerged as a promising effective solution solving this problem. The present study proposes novel integrative machine model predicting two parameters residential buildings, namely annual thermal demand (DThE) and weighted average discomfort deg...

PURPOSE To develop and validate a prediction model for mental health needs (MHN) and psychiatric needs (PN) using specific social indicators, obtainable from census data, within low-density departments (LDD) and high- density departments (HDD). METHODS In a population-based study of 20,404 participants from 22 departments in France, mental health needs were defined into three categories (no n...

The temporal distribution of monthly heating degree days (HDD) approximates a bell-shaped curve, usually with a January maximum. The first moment, or centroid, of this distribution can be taken as the midpoint of the heating season. Analysis of seasonal HDD centroids reveals significant inter-decadal trends in the Northern Plains. From 1950 to 1990, the timing of the HDD centroid is observed to...

Actuators used in hard disk drives (HDD) are produced en mass and therefore their dynamic properties vary within a given tolerance bound. A nominal model representing the batch of actuators is used to design the head positioning servomechanism. Equal performance can not be expected for all actuators when such controller is used. Disk drive servomechanism is expected to provide performance with ...

The humidifier disinfectant disaster (HDD) was not a simple poisoning accident by biocides, but a singular disaster in history created by chemicals in household products. This disaster was a result of the failure of a system for the management of chemical and product safety. Since the management authority for chemical usage safety is different from those for chemical safety in products, many bl...