Metal fiducial markers are often implanted on the back of the eye before proton therapy to improve target localization and reduce patient setup errors. We aim to detect characteristic x-ray emissions from metal targets during proton therapy to verify the treatment range accuracy. Initially gold was chosen for its biocompatibility properties. Proton-induced x-ray emissions (PIXE) from a 15 mm di...

Phototaxis is a phenomenon where cyanobacteria move toward light source. Previous studies have shown that the blue-light-using-flavin (BLUF)-type photoreceptor PixD and response regulator-like protein PixE control phototaxis in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The pixD-null mutant moves away from light, whereas WT, pixE mutant, pixD double light. This indicates functions downstream of...

A computer code, based upon the existing GUPIX code for PIXE analysis, has been developed to fit X-ray spectra that are excited simultaneously by both XRF and PIXE. Full matrix corrections for both excitation modes are included, and element concentrations are deduced. The code is intended for eventual use in processing spectra from the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometers aboard the Mars Explorat...

This research is focused on investigating the biochemical mechanisms involved in neurovascular inflammation, cerebral hypoxia and altered cerebral metabolism, with particular focus on their role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). The pathogenesis of these diseases remains poorly understood, hindering the development of improved therapies. Previous...

This article presents the results obtained by measuring characteristic x-ray production cross sections arising from interaction of accelerated protons with target atoms (PIXE). The PIXE data were measured at excitation K-, L-, and M-shells in mass range Mg to Bi 1 MeV protons. We use approach based on calculation through Rutherford backscattering section, which can be calculated formula high ac...

Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies [1] of the evolution Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (the monkey analogue Human (HIV) have revealed that SIV is localised in different organs at stages infection. Promising routes to completely eradicate HIV virus particles involve therapies target infection cellular level. Our previous μ -Particle Induced X-ray ( μ- PIXE) very large varia...

Two selected examples of PIXE microanalysis in ecophysiology have been shown. Studies of heavy metal distribution in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Plantago lanceolata showed different mechanisms in filtering of Zn/Pb and Fe/Mn, both enabling plants to cope with metals present in the environment. Studies of the mechanism used by the beetle Chrysolina pardalina to eliminate excessive am...