Invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI) is a potentially fatal complication in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). The current study aimed to uncover the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with IPFI-CTD. The files of 2186 CTD patients admitted to a single center in northern China between January 2011 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 47...

UNLABELLED Mutational analyses have indicated that the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of hepadnavirus core protein and its state of phosphorylation are critical for multiple steps in viral replication. Also, CTD interacts with host proteins in a phosphorylation state-dependent manner. To ascertain the role of CTD in viral replication without perturbing its sequence and the role of CTD-host inte...

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit in DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is essential for mRNA synthesis and processing, through coordination of an astounding array of protein-protein interactions. Not surprisingly, CTD mutations can have complex, pleiotropic impacts on phenotype. For example, insertions of five alanine residues between CTD diheptads in yeast, which alter...

The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD) serves as a docking site for numerous proteins, bridging various nuclear processes to transcription. The recruitment of these proteins is mediated by CTD phospho-epitopes generated during transcription. The mechanisms regulating the kinases that establish these phosphorylation patterns on the CTD are not known. We report that three CTD kina...

Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has been implicated as an important step in transcriptional regulation. Previously, we reported that a cellular CTD kinase, TAK, is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat. In the present study, we analyzed several other transactivators for the ability to interact with CTD k...

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) consisting of tandem repeats of the consenus sequence Tyr1Ser2Pro3Thr4Ser5Pro6Ser7. Substitution of nonphosphorylatable amino acids at positions two or five of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTD is lethal. We developed a selection system for isolating suppressors of this lethal phenotype and cloned a gene, SCA1...

The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (pol II) plays an important role in promoting steps of pre-mRNA processing. To identify proteins in human cells that bind to the CTD and that could mediate its functions in pre-mRNA processing, we used the mouse CTD expressed in bacterial cells in affinity chromatography experiments. Two proteins present i...

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs in 15% of patients with collagen vascular disease (CVD), referred to as connective tissue disease (CTD). Despite advances in management strategies, ILD continues to be a significant cause of mortality in patients with CVD-associated ILD (CTD-ILD). There is a lack of randomized, clinical trials assessing pharmacological agents for CTD-ILD, except in cases o...

BACKGROUND Autoimmune serologies are often obtained in the initial evaluation of uncharacterized interstitial lung disease (ILD). Whether this practice is helpful in delineating connective-tissue disease related ILD (CTD-ILD) is not well known. We assessed the frequency of incident CTD-ILD as detected by autoimmune serology testing and presenting clinical signs and symptoms. METHODS Consecuti...