Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is often associated with activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase, Flt3, including internal tandem duplications (ITDs) within the regulatory juxtamembrane region. Previous studies have linked Flt3-ITD to the activation of the Fes protein tyrosine kinase in AML, and RNAi-knockdown studies suggest that Fes may be required for Flt3 function. In this stu...

Owls and other animals, including humans, use the difference in arrival time of sounds between the ears to determine the direction of a sound source in the horizontal plane. When an interaural time difference (ITD) is conveyed by a narrowband signal such as a tone, human beings may fail to derive the direction represented by that ITD. This is because they cannot distinguish the true ITD contain...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) often have a poor prognosis, even after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We report a case of AML with FLT3-ITD identified upon initial diagnosis, who received HSCT at complete remission after 3 consecutive chemotherapies. However, the patient relapsed when the same FL...

Detecting interaural time difference (ITD) is crucial for sound localization. The temporal accuracy required to detect ITD, and how ITD is initially encoded, continue to puzzle scientists. A fundamental question is whether the monaural inputs to the binaural ITD detectors differ only in their timing, when temporal and spectral tunings are largely inseparable in the auditory pathway. Here, we in...

Activating fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) mutations represent the most common genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most commonly, they occur as internal tandem duplications in the juxtamembrane domain (Flt3-ITD) that transform myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo and that induce aberrant signaling and biologic functions. We identified RGS2, a regulator of G-protein signaling...

INTRODUCTION Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) has been linked to poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic value of FLT3/ITD in various cytogenetic risk groups is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance in patients with de novo AML and a normal karyotype or a t(15;17), t(8;21) or inv(16) (good...

Objective(s): Mutant forms FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3), are reported in 25% of childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In this study, drug response, growth promoting, and protein trafficking of FLT3 wild-type was compared with two active mutants (Internal Tandem Duplication (ITD)) and D835Y. Materials and Methods:FLT3 was expressed on fact...

Sensitivity to changes in the interaural time difference (ITD) of 50 msec tones was measured in single units in the inferior colliculus of urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs. ITD functions were measured with 100 repeats and fine spacing (100 points per cycle). The just noticeable difference (jnd) for ITD was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the spike-count dis...

Mutation of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), which is one of the most frequent genetic alterations, strongly contributes to an increased risk of treatment failure and to poor prognosis. In this study, we established quantitative fragment analysis of FLT3-ITD simultaneously measuring mutant allele burden and length, verified the analytical performance and ev...