NAD kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD(H) to form NADP(H), using ATP as phosphoryl donor. It is the only key enzyme leading to the de novo NADP(+)/NADPH biosynthesis. Coenzymes such as NAD(H) and NADP(H) are known for their important functions. Recent studies have partially demonstrated that NAD kinase plays a crucial role in the regulation of NAD(H)/NADP(H) conversion. Here, the molec...

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are from two superfamilies of short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) and aldo–keto reductase (AKR). The HSDHs were summarized classified according to their structural functional differences. A typical pair enzymes, 7α–hydroxysteroid (7α–HSDH) 7β–hydroxysteroid (7β–HSDH), have been reported before. Molecular docking 7-keto–lithocholic acid(7–KLA) the binary 7β–HSDH...

As part of an investigation of the growth of tomato plants supplied with either nitrate or ammonium nitrogen (6), leaves were assayed for NAD4 and NADP. Anderson and Vennesland (1) assayed NAD and NADP in various green tissues and reported recoveries between 50 % and 85 % of NAD and NADP added to spinach leaf extracts. Very low levels of NAD and NADP were recorded for tomato leaf extracts. Thes...

C(4)-specific (photosynthetic) NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme (NADP(+)-ME) has evolved from C(3)-malic enzymes and represents a unique and specialized form, as indicated by its particular kinetic and regulatory properties. In the present paper, we have characterized maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthetic NADP(+)-ME mutants in which conserved basic residues (lysine and arginine) were changed by site...

In plants, an oligogene family encodes NADP-malic enzymes (NADP-me), which are responsible for various functions and exhibit different kinetics and expression patterns. In particular, a chloroplast isoform of NADP-me plays a key role in one of the three biochemical subtypes of C(4) photosynthesis, an adaptation to warm environments that evolved several times independently during angiosperm dive...

NADP'-isocitrate dehydrogenase (threo-DS-isocitrate: NADP' oxidoreductase [decarboxylating]; EC 1.1.1.42) (IDH) from pod walls of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was purified 192-fold using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme, having a molecular weight of about 126,000, exhibited a broad ...

The conformation of NADP+ in glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase--NADP+ binary complexes has been investigated using proton-proton transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements to determine interproton distance ratios between bound NADP+ protons. The enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast and baker's yeast) and Hansenula jadinii (Candida utilis, Torula utilis) form binary...

• The crystal structure of the GAPDH from C. jejuni (cjGAPDH) in complex with NAD(P) + was determined at 2.25 Å resolution a space group I4122 . contains typical coenzyme binding domain and catalytic domain. ADP resulted some local conformational changes. C ampylobacter is pathogenic bacteria that causes gastrointestinal disorders thus great importance. Phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphat...

NAD kinase is the sole NADP(+) biosynthetic enzyme. Despite the great significance of NADP(+), to date no mitochondrial NAD kinase has been identified in human, and the source of human mitochondrial NADP(+) remains elusive. Here we present evidence demonstrating that a human protein of unknown function, C5orf33, is a human mitochondrial NAD kinase; this protein likely represents the missing sou...

Heparin, an anionic polysaccharide, inhibited the ferredoxin-catalyzed reduction of NADP in spinach chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Under the same conditions of assay, heparin did not interfere markedly with photoreduction of methyl viologen, anthraquinone sulfonate, or ferredoxin. A kinetic analysis of the heparin-induced interference with NADP photoreduction showed partial competitive inhibi...