Thioredoxin (Trx), a redox enzyme with a conserved active site (Cys-32-Gly-Pro-Cys-35), is induced and secreted into circulation in response to inflammation. Studies here demonstrate that elevating Trx levels in circulation either by i.v. injection of recombinant Trx or stimulating Trx release in Trx-transgenic mice dramatically blocks lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophil migration in...

Legumes associate with rhizobia to form nitrogen (N2)-fixing nodules, which is important for plant fitness [1, 2]. Medicago truncatula controls the terminal differentiation of Sinorhizobium meliloti into N2-fixing bacteroids by producing defensin-like nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) [3, 4]. The redox state of NCRs influences some biological activities in free-living bacteria, but ...

A protective reagent for ARI should have the ability to repair injured tissue caused by radiation and prevent continuous damage from secondary risk factors. Trx-1 was explored as a candidate therapy for ARI, as it scavenges reactive oxygen species, regulates cell growth and differentiation, participates in immune reactions, and inhibits apoptosis by acting inside and/or outside cells. Trx-1 can...

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a key protein of the cellular redox metabolism, which expression is increased in several tumors especially gastric tumors. Even though ultraviolet (UV) and hypoxia specifically induce TRX, the mechanisms that lead to increased TRX levels are still ill defined. Here, we show that the heterogenous ribonucleoprotein A18 (hnRNP A18) RNA Binding Domain (RBD) and the arginine, gl...

AIMS Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) is an important protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis and in enhancing drug resistance in cancer cells. Threonine100 (T100) of Trx was reported to be phosphorylated; however, the role of this phosphorylation in regulating activity remains unresolved. We explored whether and how the phosphorylation of Trx is involved in drug resistance in cancer cells. MAIN M...

1.1 Materials ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Instrumentation .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 HPLC and mass spectrometry ........................................................................................ 3 1.4 C...

Rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious life-threatening condition. As such, more effective strategies are needed for its prevention. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx), a redox-active and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) modulating protein, has a short retention time in the blood. We examined the renoprotective effect of long acting Trx that was genetically fused with hum...

The dissociation mechanism of the thioredoxin (Trx) mixed disulfide complexes is unknown and has been debated for more than twenty years. Specifically, opposing arguments for the activation of the nucleophilic cysteine as a thiolate during the dissociation of the complex have been put forward. As a key model, the complex between Trx and its endogenous substrate, arsenate reductase (ArsC), was u...

The plant mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx) system has been described as containing an NADPH-dependent Trx reductase and Trx o. In addition to the mitochondrial isoform, Trx o, plants are known to contain several chloroplastic Trx isoforms and the cytosolic Trx h isoforms. We report here the presence in plant mitochondria of a Trx isoform (PtTrxh2) belonging to the Trx h group. Western blot analy...