The normal-gamma stochastic frontier model was proposed in Greene (1990) and Beckers and Hammond (1987) as an extension of the normalexponential proposed in the original derivations of the stochastic frontier by Aigner, Lovell, and Schmidt (1977). The normal-gamma model has the virtue of providing a richer and more flexible parameterization of the inefficiency distribution in the stochastic fro...

BACKGROUND Reducing maternal mortality is a critical issue in Pakistan. Do public health care centers in Pakistan's North West Frontier Province (NWFP) comply with minimum UN recommendations for availability, use, and quality of basic and comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) as measured by UN process indicators? METHODS All public health facilities providing EmOC (n = 50) in 30% of d...

BACKGROUND Pakistan adopted the malaria control strategy with provincial commitment in 1998. Pakistan joined the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative in 2001. This led to development of a 5 year roll back malaria strategy. The aim of the paper is to audit whether the malaria control programme in NWFP was able to implement strategies suggested by RBM initiative in the year 2002-2005, and its subse...

Spores density and mycorrhizal colonization were studied in twenty-five rhizosphere samples of some selected soils and plant roots from fertile and marginal soils of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. All tested plants are considered to be mycorrhizal plants. Highest number of mycorrhizal spores was found in Potatoes, Barley, rice and chickpea (>4000 spores kgG soil) in fertile soils. Fi...

Of 188 (144 renal, 29 bladder, 15 ureteric) stones analysed, 109 (58%) were pure calcium oxalate stones and in 177 (94%) calcium oxalate was the main component. The remaining were of mixed composition containing calcium phosphate, uric acid and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Serum calcium levels in 50 patients with pure calcium oxalate stones were normal. Majority of the cases (76%) came from the ...

cavalry regiments against cholera may prove useful in the event of the disease making its appearance in any of the many theatres of war in which Indian troops are engaged. The inoculation was carried out at the end of the summer of 1015 in the Peshawar Valley with two Indian cavalry regiments from the same station, who. while engaged in the usual frontier work, had occasion to move freely over ...

A research project was carried out at Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar, in order to investigate the prevalence of different types of leukemias in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, during 2001. During this study 60 leukemia patients admitted at IRNUM were investigated. It was found that acute leukemia was more prevalent than chronic leukemia as 90% of total...

BACKGROUND Pakistan has a high incidence of cancer. The most severely affected province is the North West Frontier Province, which has districts of low socioeconomic status such as those in Dir. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cancer registry record of patients from the districts in Dir in order to obtain a net cancer incidence for use in proposing future health plans. METHODS Th...

The term focal epithelial hyperplasia was introduced in 1965 to describe certain multiple nodular elevations of the oral mucosa observed among American Indians in New Mexico, USA and Mato Grossa district in Brazil. Since then it has been reported from several other countries including Iraq, Israel and South Africa. We report two cases of this disorder from North Western Frontier Province of Pak...