BACKGROUND Macrocyclic lactones are arguably the most successful chemical class with efficacy against parasitic nematodes. Here we investigated the effect of the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on lipid homeostasis in the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida and provide new insight into its mode of action. RESULTS A non-invasive, non-destructive, label-free and chemically selective techn...

Fluorescent conjugates of the lectins soybean agglutinin (SBA), Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LOT), and Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA) bound primarily to amphidial openings and amphidial secretions of viable, preinfective second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3 (Mil, Mi3) and M. javanica (Mj). No substantial...

Solution : Throughout the solution we will use the fact that λ2 = λ1 × λ1 whence we obtain the action of λ2 on rectangles: λ2(A1 × A2) = λ1(A1)λ1(A2). Also, for J1, J2 ⊆ R two intervals, let TJ1,J2 be any triangle with two sides equal to J1 (parallel to the first axis) and J2 (equal to the second axis). from the addittivity of λ2 it follows immediately that λ2(TJ1,J2) = |J1| · |J2|/2. (We use h...

We find the minimal energy solution describing a folded closed string located at the center of AdS5 and rotating simultaneously in two planes in S 5 with two arbitrary SO(6) angular momenta J1 and J2. In the case when J1 = J2 = J ′ we observe the precise agreement between the leading coefficient in the large J ′ expansion of the energy of this solution and the minimal eigen-value of the 1-loop ...

Pasteuria penetrans spore adhesion to Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (J2) was examined following several different pretreatments of the latter. The detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, the carbohydrates fucose and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, and the lectins concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin reduced spore attachment. Spores exposed to M. javanica surface coat (SC...

The articles [25], [30], [2], [4], [3], [29], [5], [14], [27], [20], [24], [13], [1], [23], [10], [11], [8], [28], [16], [12], [21], [26], [7], [18], [19], [6], [22], [9], [15], and [17] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paper n is a natural number. The following propositions are true: (1) Let G be a Go-board and i1, i2, j1, j2 be natural numbers. Suppose 1 ¬ j1 and j...

Changes in the diameter of the nucleolus of the dorsal pharyngeal gland (DPGN) in unhatched second-stage juveniles (J2) of potato cyst nematodes, Globodera spp., were monitored for cysts recovered during two field experiments in the Bolivian Central Andes. In the first experiment, cysts were extracted from soil left fallow or supporting crops of potato, barley, lupin, or quinoa. The highest mea...

The articles [25], [30], [2], [4], [3], [29], [5], [14], [27], [20], [24], [13], [1], [23], [10], [11], [8], [28], [16], [12], [21], [26], [7], [18], [19], [6], [22], [9], [15], and [17] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paper n is a natural number. The following propositions are true: (1) Let G be a Go-board and i1, i2, j1, j2 be natural numbers. Suppose 1 ¬ j1 and j...

The effect of crop sequence on parasitism of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Heterodera glycines by Hirsutella rhossiliensis was investigated. Data were collected from plots of a long-term crop rotation experiment established in 1982. Crop sequences included (i) continuous monoculture of corn and soybean; (ii) annual rotation of the two crops; and (iii) 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 years of each crop follow...

We have developed series expansions about the Ising limit for the ground state energy, magnetization, susceptibility, and energy gap of the frustrated J1-J2 antiferromagnet. We find that the Néel order vanishes at J2 /J1.0.4 and collinear order sets in around J2 /J1.0.6, in broad agreement with other recent work. We also explore the nature of the phase diagram for the spin-anisotropic case. @S0...