We discuss the anthropic principle when applied to the holographic dark energy. We find that if the amplitude of the density fluctution is variable, the holographic dark energy fares better than the cosmological constant.

In a recent study of astrophysical “fine-tunings” (or “coincidences”), Robert Klee critically assesses the support that such astrophysical evidence might be thought to lend to the design argument (i.e., the argument that our universe has been designed by some deity). Klee argues that a proper assessment indicates that the universe is not as “fine-tuned” as advertised by proponents of the design...

It is explained in detail why the Anthropic Principle (AP) cannot yield any falsifiable predictions, and therefore cannot be a part of science. Cases which have been claimed as successful predictions from the AP are shown to be not that. Either they are uncontroversial applications of selection principles in one universe (as in Dicke’s argument), or the predictions made do not actually logicall...

We discuss the Carter's formula about the mankind evolution probability following the derivation proposed by Barrow and Tipler. We stress the relation between the existence of billions of galaxies and the evolution of at least one intelligent life, whose living time is not trivial, all over the Universe. We show that the existence probability and the lifetime of a civilization depend not only o...

In the context of open inflation, we calculate the probability distribution for the density parameter V . A large class of two field models of open inflation do not lead to infinite open universes, but to an ensemble of inflating islands of finite size, or ‘‘quasi-open’’ universes, where the density parameter takes a range of values. Assuming we are typical observers, the models make definite p...

Selection effects in cosmology are often invoked to “explain” why some of the fundamental constant of Nature, and in particular the cosmological constant, take on the value they do in our Universe. We briefly review this probabilistic “anthropic reasoning” and we argue that different (equally plausible) ways of assigning probabilities to candidate universes lead to totally different anthropic p...

We evaluate the problem of galaxy formation in the landscape approach to phenomenology of the axion sector. With other parameters of standard ΛCDM cosmology held fixed, the density of cold dark matter is bounded below relative to the density of baryonic matter by the requirement that structure should form before the era of cosmological constant domination of the universe. Galaxies comparable to...

One hundred years ago, a single concept changed our world view forever [1]. Contemporary technology is based on implementation of quantum phenomena as a result of this seminal idea. Now only social sciences persist in classical paradigm what might be considered as an obstacle to unification of science in the quantum domain. Quantum theory is up to now the only scientific theory that requires of...

In the context of open inflation, we calculate the probability distribution for the density parameter Ω. A large class of two field models of open inflation do not lead to infinite open universes, but to an ensemble of inflating islands of finite size, or “quasi-open” universes, where the density parameter takes a range of values. Assuming we are typical observers, the models make definite pred...