The retrosternal clear space (RCS) is a lucent area on the lateral chest radiograph located directly behind the sternum. The two types of pathology classically addressed in the RCS are anterior mediastinal masses and emphysema. Diseases of the pulmonary interstitium are a third type of pathology that can be seen in the RCS. Retrosternal reticular opacities, known as Kerley D lines, were initial...

The far-field Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurement of the actual target requires a long measurement range, which can be realized in the outdoor site. One of the problems in outdoor measurement is the difficulty to avoid the effect of ground bounce. Some sites overcome the difficulty by the exploitation of the ground bounce in RCS measurement [1][2]. Meanwhile the RCS measurement of the large a...

Picornavirus RNA replication requires the formation of replication complexes (RCs) consisting of virus-induced vesicles associated with viral nonstructural proteins and RNA. Brefeldin A (BFA) has been shown to strongly inhibit RNA replication of poliovirus but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Here, we demonstrate that the replication of parechovirus 1 (ParV1) is partly resistant to BFA...

Some background describing the rationale and early development of regional curve standardization (RCS) is provided. It is shown how, in the application of RCS, low-frequency variance is preserved in the mean values of individual series of tree indices, while medium-frequency variance is also preserved in the slopes. Various problems in the use of the RCS approach are highlighted. The first prob...

Two congenic strains of RCS rats, RCS-p/+ and RCS-c, have been developed that differ from the parental strain at genetic loci affecting pigmentation. Inbred RCS rats are pink-eyed, while RCS-p/+ rats produce segregating litters of pink-eyed (p/p) and black-eyed (p/+) offspring, and RCS-c rats are albinos. All the strains are homozygous for the mutant form of the retinal dystrophy gene. The blac...

PURPOSE To evaluate the glaucoma progression in patients with a history of refractive corneal surgery (RCS). METHODS A total of 313 eyes of 313 glaucoma patients (RCS group, 34 eyes; non-RCS group, 279 eyes) with a mean follow-up period of 2.7 years were included. Glaucoma progression was determined either by experts' stereoscopic optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs or by ...

BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is the most common procedure for weight loss surgery but has multiple complications. This study evaluates the use of reinforced circular staplers (RCS) and their effects on reducing gastrojejunal anastomotic complications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review from January 2007 to November 2008. Laparoscopic RYGBP were performed in 287 p...

Introduction: Radio frequency identification (RFID) can be traced back to the late 1940’s work on using RF modulated backscatter for communications [1]. Fig. 1 illustrates the operation of a modern passive RFID system which includes an RFID reader and an RFID tag, composed of an antenna and an integrated circuit chip. The reader signal alternates between a continuous wave (CW) and modulated tra...