NF-κB is an inducible transcription factor that mediates signal transduction between the cytoplasm and nucleus in many cell types [1] and controls the expression of numerous genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, cytokine production, and neoplastic transformation [2]. It is a member of the Rel family, which includes NF-κB1 (p50), NF-κB2 (p52), RelA (p65), RelB,...

The importance of IκB kinase (IKK)-induced proteolysis of NF-κB1 p105 in B cells was investigated using Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) mice, in which this NF-κB signaling pathway is blocked. Nfkb1(SSAA) mutation had no effect on the development and homeostasis of follicular mature (FM) B cells. However, analysis of mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) FM B cells were completely unable to...

Although NF-κB1 p50/p105 has critical roles in immunity, the mechanism by which NF-κB1 regulates inflammatory responses is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile of LPS-stimulated Nfkb1(-/-) macrophages that lack both p50 and p105. Deficiency of p50/p105 selectively increased the expression of IFN-responsive genes, which correlated with increased IFN-β expression and ST...

The activation, proliferation and survival of lymphocytes depend on the antigen receptor-induced formation of cytoplasmic signaling complexes that control specific transcriptional pathways. The protease MALT1 has an essential role in lymphocyte activation and lymphoma development [1, 2]. Upon antigen receptor triggering, MALT1 is recruited to the so-called CBM complex, formed by the assembly of...

Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, termed efferocytosis, is essential for the resolution of inflammation as it prevents the tissues surrounding the inflamed site from being exposed to the toxic contents of lytic cells. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), endogenously generated from docosahexaenoic acid during resolution of inflammation, is known to stimulate efferocytosis. However, the molecular mechanism ...

The neuroprotective and antihypoxic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on dissociated hippocampal cultures in a hypoxia model were investigated. These experiments demonstrate that 10 minutes of normobaric hypoxia increased the number of dead cells in primary culture, whereas a preventive application of BDNF increased the number of viable cells. Spontaneous bioelectrical and cal...

The mechanisms of progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) are not known. Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has been shown to be important in esophageal tumorigenesis. We have shown that COX-2 mediates acid-induced PGE₂ production. The prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) responsible for acid-induced PGE2 production in BE, however, is not know...

It has been more than a decade since it was recognized that the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor family was activated by two distinct pathways: the canonical pathway involving NF-κB1 and the non-canonical pathway involving NF-κB2. During this time a great deal of evidence has been amassed on the ligands and receptors that activate t...