All organisms are constantly and unavoidably exposed to xenobiotics including both man– made and natural chemicals such as drugs, plant alkaloids, microorganism toxins, pollutants, pesticides, and other industrial chemicals. Formally, biotransformation of xenobiotics as well as endogenous compounds is subdivided into phase I and phase II reactions. This chapter focuses on phase II biotransforma...

Nitromethane synthesis with D-fructose followed with the Nef reaction of intermediate 1-deoxy2-C-hydroxymethylhexitol-l-nitronates afforded 2-C(hydroxymethyl)-D-glucose and -D-mannose which were separated via their phenylhydrazones and by chromatography on a cation-exchange resin in the B a 2 + form. The treatment of individual branched-chain aldoses with catalytic amount of molybdic acid, i.e....

We observe a sample of text of n tokens from a large corpus of written text and note the occurrence of N distinct word types. We then ask what the total number of unseen word types in the population from which the sample was drawn is. The commonly used LNRE (large number of rare events) regime suggests a natural estimator of the number of unseen word types in the population using the relatively...

This study examines the roles and functions of businesses, labor-exporting countries’ representative offices in Taiwan, religious organizations, and manpower agencies in promoting occupational safety and health (OSH). It also offers advice to Taiwanese authorities on making policies and improvements regarding the oversight mechanism mandated by the Labor Safety and Health Act, giving them an id...

Předkládaný článek se zabývá historickým vývojem trestněprávního institutu podmíněného propuštění z výkonu trestu odnětí svobody. Vznik tohoto nástroje nebyl doposud v České republice uceleně zpracován a publikace, které jsou tuzemsku dostupné, uvádějí k jeho původu rozdílné informace. Nicméně tato nejasnost objevuje i zahraničních textech. Předním cílem článku je tak tyto nejasnosti rozptýlit ...