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An ordered labeled tree is a tree in which the nodes are labeled and the left-to-right order among siblings is significant. The edit distance between two ordered labeled trees is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of edit operations. Among the best known tree edit distance algorithms, the majority can be categorized in terms of a framework named cover strateg...

The corresponding topology is called norm-topology. The norm-topology naturally gives rise to the concept of convergence and continuity. A sequence txnun“1 Ă X is said to converge to x in the norm-metric, or strongly, if }xn ́ x} Ñ 0 as nÑ 8. A function f : X Ñ Y , where Y is a topological space, is continuous if fpxnq Ñ fpxq whenever xn Ñ x, or equivalently, if f ́1pUq is open for any open U Ă Y...

Thermochemical and compressibility data are used to calculate the approximate pressures and temperatures required for the reaction of clinoenstatite to Mg•SiO• (spinel or olivine) or to periclase and stishovite, the reaction of forsteritc to Mg•SiO• (spinel) or periclase and stishovite, and the breakdown of Mg•SiO• (spinel) to periclase and stishovite. The calculated reaction lines for Mg•SiO• ...

We expand on the dispersion analysis of polarimetry maps toward applications to interferometry data. We show how the filtering of low spatial frequencies can be accounted for within the idealized Gaussian turbulence model, initially introduced for single-dish data analysis, to recover reliable estimates for correlation lengths of magnetized turbulence, as well as magnetic field strengths (plane...

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Data extraction Data were extracted on study characteristics, drug regimen, sample size, compliance, mean baseline rating on depression scales, and percentage change at end point. Treatment effects were calculated and weighted in a meta-analysis. 3 different weights were used for each treatment effect to reflect 3 different assumptions about the correlation between baseline and follow up depres...

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has a wealth of natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources. In comparison, resources for dialectal Arabic (DA), the unstandardized spoken varieties of Arabic, are still lacking. We present Elissa , a machine translation (MT) system from DA to MSA. Elissa (version 1.0) employs a rule-based approach that relies on morphological analysis, morphological trans...

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We consider a property stronger than the Sacks property which holds between the ground model and the Sacks forcing extension. 1. The Shrink Wrapping Property Suppose that V is a Sacks forcing extension of a model M . Then the Sacks property holds between V and M . That is, for each x ∈ ω, there exists a tree T ⊆ ω in M such that x ∈ [T ] and each level of T is finite. The following is a stronge...