this article examines lord byron’s allusions to persian literature, history, culture and its ancient religion. the influence of persia on byron is considerable. byron was greatly influenced by orientalists such as sir william jones and their translations of eastern literatures. after examining byron’s allusions to persia, one realizes that byron’s attitude with regard to persia appears to be am...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

ferdowsi’s shāhnāma has a monotheistic context and its narrative deep structure has been demythologized throughout history at religious, ritual and mythic levels. however, an analytical approach can spot traces of the ancient beliefs reflected in the symbolic implications of the narratives as well as the language and imagery of the shāhnāma. the first line in the preface of the shāhnāma, “in th...

introduction in a series of written texts surviving from the pre-islamic religion, apocalyptic literature has the vital role that deals with the matter of intuition and dreams that some qualified people experienced and also retold them. this revelation is universal and popular with most religions and ethnic groups. since the awareness of metaphysical issues and predicting future events and dist...

this study examines the educational ideas of zoroastrianism based on gathas. for achieving this purpose, the conclusion method has been used; firstly, zoroaster has been introduced then the philosophical foundations of the religion have been formulized in the form of ideal human being and his/her features. finally, the implications of these foundations are presented in the form of educational c...

Avestan’ is the name of the ritual language of Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion of the Iranian empire in Achaemenid, Arsacid and Sasanid times, covering a time span of more than 1200 years. It is named after the ‘Avesta’, i.e., the collection of holy scriptures that form the basis of the religion which was allegedly founded by Zarathushtra, also known as Zoroaster, by about the begi...

as far as it is known, the tombs of many famous kings of achaemenid dynasty have been explored so far, such as the tomb of cyrus the great in pasargadae, the tombs of darius i, xerxes the great, ardashir i and darius ii in naqsh-e rustam, the tombs of ardashir ii and ardashir iii and unfinished tomb of darius iii in persepolis. however, there has been no identified tomb ascribed to cambyses ii ...