The purpose of this study was to systematically map the forelimb area of primary motor cortex (M1) in rhesus macaques in an effort to investigate further the organization of motor output to distal and proximal muscles. We used stimulus-triggered averaging (StTAing) of electromyographic activity to map the cortical representation of 24 simultaneously recorded forelimb muscles. StTAs were obtaine...

The dynamics of the histological changes which occur in the distal half of the tibial portion of the embryonic chick tibiotarsus from day 8 to day 18 of incubation are correlated with the capacities of histologically distinct zones to incorporate isotopic precursors into mucopolysaccharides and collagen. At the distal end of the tibia, which abuts the suture line formed by the fusion of the two...

background: the salvage proximal femoral osteotomy is performed in mild or moderate osteoarthritis when the articulating surfaces are normal and relieves the subject’s pain. because the importance of angular mal-alignment of the femur bone at the hip junction accurate pre-op planning based on patient specific anatomy is required to prevent any lower limb misalignment and joint problem pre-opera...

Reconstruction of thumb after traumatic or congenital loss in 17 cases is reported. Cases were divided into three groups according to the level of thumb loss. There were two cases in distal zone, seven in middle and eight in proximal zone. Thirteen cases were traumatic in origin and four had congenital loss. Different reconstruction procedures were used at each level. Osteoplastic reconstructio...

For decades, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) has been utilized as an important theoretical framework for exploring and analysing the concept learning, but its implications teachers remain much less explored. In this article, I conceptualise some roots sociocultural theory learning and, on basis, explore ZPD ethical powerful zone teaching. Together with providing a thorough descrip...

Central to Vygotsky-inspired sociocultural theory (SCT) is the notion of ZPD seen by SLA researchers as a useful framework within which L2 teaching and learning can take place. Van Lier (2004) argues that the ZPD could be activated in diverse proximal contexts (PCs) and is not limited to the expert-novice scenario. . This study probed whether Iranian EFL learners' collaborative task performance...