Zearalenone and its metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, demonstrate estradiol-like activity and disrupt physiological functions in animals. This article evaluates the carryover of zearalenone and its selected metabolites from the digesta to intestinal walls (along the entire intestines) in pre-pubertal gilts exposed to low doses of zearalenone over long periods of time. The term "carryo...

The aim of the study was to examine the toxic effect of different doses of zearalenone on liver cells by estimating mycotoxin influence on antioxidant systems and on formation of free radicals in the liver. The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into nine groups of 10 animals each. Group A was orally given 8% ethyl alcohol once a day for 10 d. Groups B, C, D, an...

Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin that often contaminates plant material used in the production of feeds for companion animals. Small daily doses of ingested zearalenone--a competitive substrate modulating the activity of enzymes participating in estrogen biosynthesis at the pre-receptor level--can induce subclinical symptoms of hyperestrogenism in bitches. The objective of this study was ...

A suitable method was developed to efficiently incorporate 13C-labeled acetate into zearalenone by using solid cultures. Periodic feeding of the label during the zearalenone production phase significantly increased the label incorporation for the singly labeled acetate.

The conversion of zearalenone by various microorganisms was studied. A new polar metabolite was formed in addition to alpha- and beta-zearalenols. The structure of the new metabolite was determined as zearalenone-4-O-sulfate conjugate on the basis of enzymatic and acid hydrolysis, followed by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The results obtaine...

Zearalenone is a mycoestrogen that is produced in the fungi Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium crookwellense. These fungi commonly exist in agricultural products. Human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, including several clinically important cyto...

The aim of the study was to neutralize zearalenone by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium sp. and investigate the mechanism of zearalenone (ZEA) binding. Neutralization of ZEA by LAB was confirmed by identification of binding kinetics and spectroscopic studies such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniz...

Thirty-three samples of wheat of the 1982 crop year from Kansas and Nebraska were analyzed for deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and aflatoxin. Deoxynivalenol was identified in 31 of 33 samples, zearalenone was identified in 3 of 33 samples, and aflatoxin B1 was identified in 23 of 31 samples. One 1982 wheat sample from Illinois and one from Texas were also contaminated with deoxynivaleno...

Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, isoforms 1 (HSD11B1) and 2 (HSD11B2), have been demonstrated to be the regulators of the local level of active glucocorticoid, which has a broad range of physiological actions. In the present study, the potency of zearalenone was tested for the inhibition of HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 in rat and human tissues. Zear...

Thirty-two boars were fed diets containing 0, 3, 6 or 9 ppm zearalenone from 32 d of age up to 145 or 312 d of age. Rate of gain, feed intake and gain:feed were not significantly different among treatments. Feeding of diets containing 9 ppm zearalenone did not affect the libido in seven boars. There was a tendency for boars fed 9 ppm dietary zearalenone to produce lower total and gel free volum...