BACKGROUND Early identification of children <5 yrs with acute malnutrition is a priority. Acute malnutrition is defined by the World Health Organization as a mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) <12.5 cm or a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) <-2. MUAC is a simple and low-cost indicator to screen for acute malnutrition in communities, but MUAC cut-offs currently recommended by WHO do not identify t...

OBJECTIVE To examine change in cognitive function in older persons sampled from a community population, and its relation to age and Alzheimer disease. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with an average of 3.5 years of follow-up. SETTING East Boston, Mass--a geographically defined, urban, working-class community. PARTICIPANTS A stratified, random sample of persons 65 years and older underwent...

BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the association between an infant and child feeding index (ICFI) and length-for-age were based on a cross-sectional design and on the assumption that data collected with brief recalls could provide information about more enduring processes. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to test the stability of the individual ICFI values over time and to investigate ...

BACKGROUND The validity of unblinded randomised trials testing interventions against diarrhoea is severely compromised by the potential for bias. Objective proxy markers for diarrhoea not relying on self-report are needed to assess the effect of interventions that cannot be blinded. Short-term changes in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) may (due to catch-up growth) not be a clinically important mar...

This paper studies early childhood health in India, Bangladesh and Nepal, focusing on inequalities in anthropometric outcomes by religious adherence. India and Nepal have Hindu majorities, while Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim. Results confirm a relative Muslim advantage for children less than 12 months of age in height-for-age and weight-for-age z scores primarily in India, possibly reflect...

Nutritional counseling for children with obesity is an important component of management. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare change in body mass index (BMI) z score after 6 months. Children 8 to 16 years with a BMI greater than the 85th percentile were randomized to standard of care nutrition counseling versus intervention with standard nutrition counseling including port...

results the results showed that children with a higher weight z-score spend more time in sedentary activities and less time running or involved in active games. scd-1 activity index, arachidonic/linoleic index, and adipocyte volume were significantly higher in children with a weight z-score greater than 0. the preadipocyte number and the genetic expression of the studied genes did not differ be...

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between motor proficiency and pedometer-determined physical activity in 5-6 year-old children. Participants (n = 232) were randomly recruited and assessed from 30 kindergartens in Northern Greece. Two trained researchers administered the measurements for the assessment of children's motor proficiency by using the BOTMP-SF. Physica...

OBJECTIVE To assess the role of sanctions as the highest level of enforcement in Australia's residential aged care quality assurance (QA) system. DESIGN ANALYSIS of secondary data on accreditation activities and outcomes from 1999-2000 to 2007-08, extracted from the Annual Report on the Aged Care Act 1997. SETTING A total of 138 sanctioned homes among all aged care homes in Australia (n ...