With over 1,000 species, Pteridaceae comprises approximately 10% of extant fern diversity and is notable for its extreme morphological and ecological disparity. In addition to species-rich and predominantly forest-dwelling genera such as Adiantum and Pteris, the family includes floating, freshwater aquatics (Ceratopteris), mangrove specialists (Acrostichum), obligate epiphytes (Vittaria), and e...

The Arabian Gulf ranks among the world’s most arid and warm regions; land has high salinity levels with many Sabkhas receives little precipitation. This region holds about one-third of oil supply. Qatar is leading gas producer worldwide, which raises concerns pollution sea, groundwater, soil. Thus, area paid particular attention to environmental studies since status this imposed unique biologic...

Tillandsia L. Subg. Phytarrhiza (Visiani) Baker (Bromeliaceae) is a distinctive group of about 35 epiphytic species. These exhibit a range of habits from xeric to mesic. The evolutionary relationships of the contrasting adaptations need to be established here as well as in the subfamily as a whole. Relations between the subgenus and other tillandsioids are problematical and phylogenetic reconst...

Palynological investigations in the Orce Archaeological Zone (OAZ) (Guadix-Baza Basin, Granada, Spain), Venta Micena 1 (VM1), Barranco León (BL) and Fuente Nueva 3 (FN3) are presented. This archaeological region is connected with first Homo populations Western Eurasia during Early Pleistocene. The VM1 pollen record characterized by Ephedra, to a lesser extent, Pinus, Juniperus evergreen Quercus...