BACKGROUND Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health emergency. We investigated the characteristics and extent of XDR TB in California to inform public health interventions. METHODS XDR TB was defined as TB with resistance to at least isoniazid, rifampin, a fluoroquinolone, and 1 of 3 injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). Pre-XD...

Objective: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains were emerged when multidrug-resistant TB (MDRTB) was inadequately treated. Inadequate treatment of MDR-TB cases may result in additional resistance especially non-XDR-TB and then XDR-TB. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence, resistance patterns and trends of the XDR-TB strains among the MDR-TB at a tertiary care hos...

The challenge of efficient data-filtering is present since the great proliferation of the worldwide-web. The generalized markup language XML allows the description of presentation of data in human as well as machine readable form and is a widely accepted platform for the exchange of data. So filtering of data often means filtering of XML-data. The great advantage of XML is its flexibility. XML ...

BACKGROUND The incidence of nosocomial infections from extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) has been increasing worldwide. We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with XDR-PA infections, including the factors that predict mortality. METHODS We retrospectively studied a cohort of adult, hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa (PA) infections between April a...

Because data from countries in Africa are limited, we measured the proportion of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases among TB patients in Burkina Faso for whom retreatment was failing. Of 34 patients with multidrug-resistant TB, 2 had an XDR TB strain. Second-line TB drugs should be strictly controlled to prevent further XDR TB increase.

The yield from aspirating lymph nodes and pleural fluid for diagnosing extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is unknown. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from lymph node or pleural fluid aspirates of 21 patients; 7 (33%) cultures grew XDR M. tuberculosis. Additive diagnostic yield for XDR M. tuberculosis was found in parallel culture of sputum and fluid aspirate.

RATIONALE The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) epidemics are rapidly expanding in South Africa. Our initial report of HIV-associated XDR TB in South Africa revealed rapid and near complete mortality. Lower mortality has been described in the literature, but few of these patients have been HIV coinfected. OBJECTIVES To characterize mortality from...

OBJECTIVE The relationship between extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) is unclear. Identification of the relationship between XDR-TB and MDR-GNB would have important implications for patient care. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study reviewing the records of patients admitted with a confirmed pulmonary TB from 2011 to ...

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical profile and outcomes of health care workers (HCWs) with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. METHOD Retrospective case record review of 334 patients with XDR-TB reported during the period 1996-2008 from Western and Eastern Cape Province, Cape Town, South Africa. Case records of H...

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has now been described in >90 countries worldwide. The first case of XDR tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in New Zealand was recorded in 2010. We report the draft whole-genome sequence of the New Zealand isolate, NZXDR1, and describe a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that relate to drug resistance.