Pipe elbows (bends) are considered critical pressurized components in the piping systems and pipelines due to their stress intensification effect of bend curvature. They prone hence more exposed different corrosion failure modes than straight pipes. Late detection such elbow damages can lead dangerous emergency situations which cause environmental disasters, pollution, substantial consumer loss...

The strength of the natural gas transmission pipe is reduced due to sag deformation and corrosion defects. However, there are rare experiment data quantitatively describe effect defect’s size position on strength. This paper designed seven groups steel pipes with various defects perform hydrostatic bursting experiments, research effects pipe. experimental sample selected as X52 material. Three ...

The phase diagram of LixNiO2 (0,x,1) is calculated using a combination of first-principles energy methods and Monte Carlo simulations. The energy dependence of the Li-vacancy configurational disorder is parametrized with a cluster expansion. At room temperature ordered LixNiO2 phases appear in the phase diagram at x51/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, and 3/4. The predicted lithium-vacancy ordering at x51/4 an...