Preventing mucosal transmission of HIV is critical to halting the HIV epidemic. Novel approaches to preventing mucosal transmission are needed. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major extracellular component of mucosa and the primary ligand for the cell surface receptor CD44. CD44 enhances HIV infection of CD4(+) T cells, but the role of HA in this process is not clear. To study this, virions were gene...

Biochar has been shown to reduce soil emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O in short-term incubation and greenhouse experiments. Such controlled experiments failed to represent variable field conditions, and rarely included crop growth feedback. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar, in comparison to green manure and mineral nitrogen, on greenhouse gas Emissions Intensity (EI ...

Hyaluronan (HA), an abundant polysaccharide found in human bodies, plays a role in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintenance. We had previously found that HA prolonged the lifespan, and prevented the cellular aging of murine adipose-derived stromal cells. Recently, we had also summarized the potential pathways associated with HA regulation in human MSCs. In this study, we used the human pla...

Materials Sodium form of hyaluronic acid (HA, MW, 10 kDa) was a gift of Kolon Life Science, Korea. EDC.HCl (99%) and N-Hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 99%) were purchased from Shanghai Medeep Co., Ltd. Monostearin (glycerol α-monostearate, GMS), Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was supplied b...

In previous experiments, (1, 2) i t was observed t ha t the incorporat ion of glycine-l-C 14 into protein fractions of the corneal s t roma of the chick eye was greatly reduced in the absence of the corneal epithelium. Par t ia l removal of the epithelium from the surface of the s t roma led to a proport ional reduction in the incorporat ion of the label into the stromal proteins. This finding ...

The endocytotic c-type lectin receptor DEC-205 is highly expressed on immature dendritic cells. In previous studies, it was shown that antigen-targeting to DEC-205 is a useful tool for the induction of antigen-specific Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and thereby can prevent inflammatory processes. However, whether this approach is sufficient to mediate tolerance in mucosal tissues like the gut is u...