Samples of bleached kraft pine cellulosic pulp, either treated with an enzyme preparation (a Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase, an Aspergillus sp. cellulase, and a multienzyme preparation NS-22086 containing both these activities) or untreated, were refined in a laboratory PFI mill. The treatment with cellulases contained in the last two preparations significantly improved the pulp's susceptibil...

This research analyzes the effects of different treatments on flax nonwoven (NW) fabrics which are intended for composite reinforcement. The treatments applied were of two different kinds: a wet/dry cycling which helps to stabilize the cellulosic fibers against humidity changes and plasma treatments with air, argon and ethylene gases considering different conditions and combinations, which prod...

The current study was conducted to identify the most important variables in activation phase of cellulose acetate production. Dry alpha pulp as raw material supplied by a local company with intrinsic properties viscosity equal 926 mL/g and water content 96%. In this regard, variables, including reaction time (T30, T60, T90 min), addition level acetic acid (C25, C35, C45 units per 100 dry cellul...

The cloud radio access network (C-RAN) concept is a strong candidate for next-generation wireless networks due to its flexibility, scalability, increased asset utilization, and energy savings. While resources are centralized in C-RAN architecture, wireless resource virtualization (WRV) can offer substantial capacity increase and efficiency gain. This paper provides solutions for virtualizing C-...

Laboratory mechanical softwood pulps (MSP) and commercial bleached softwood kraft pulps (BSKP) were mechanically fibrillated by stone grinding with a SuperMassColloider . The extent of fibrillation was evaluated by SEM imaging, water retention value (WRV) and cellulase adsorption. Both lignin content and mechanical treatment significantly affected deconstruction and enzymatic saccharification o...

Variation in the pore structure of eucalyptus fibre during recycling was investigated using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fractal geometry. The BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the fibre fell to 55.1% of the original value after the first cycle, and to 49.0% after the second cycle, ultimately declining to 35.0% after the fourth. The Barret-Jo...

Deinked pulp fibers produced by three kinds of deinking processes, alkaline deinking, neutral deinking, and enzymatic deinking, were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and CrossPolarization Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS 13 C-NMR). There were remarkable differences in both mac...

Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is widely used as a source of linen oil and fiber. As rule, the flax varieties are suitable for either seeds or stem fibers production. The “fiber” bring low seed, while “oil” ones have poor fibers. straw not textile industry has to be burned degraded naturally in field. However, it contains DP cellulose, which can at least varnish main challenge industrial applicatio...

A new method to produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) is proposed to reduce the energy demand during deconstruction of precursor fibers suspended in aqueous media. Microemulsions were formulated with aqueous solutions of urea or ethylenediamine and applied to disrupt interfibril hydrogen bonding. Compared to typical fibrillation of lignin-containing and lignin-free fibers, pretreatment with micro...