The water supply is the crucial problem of human beings in the world. Earth dams are usually the most important structures to store and manage the main sources: surface waters. The safety of earth dams in different conditions especially under earthquake loadings plays a vital role in sustainable developments. Recently, mixed-clay soil is widely used as water- seal material in the core of earth ...

the environment impact assessment studies have started with the approval environment impact assessment pattern by sustainable development committee in 1997, but theirs reports are prepared with the different qualities and generally are not comprehensive. therefore, for considering all aspects of environment, complimentary studis are neccessary. althoagh many of iran’s dams have environment impa...

III. Determinants of Biological Effects ........................................................................................ 5-4 A. Rate of Absorption ..................................................................................................... 5-5 B. Area Exposed ............................................................................................................. 5-5 C. Var...

The report illustrates the results of the activities carried out by the European Working Group. Four subjects were selected by the Group: "Regulatory Rules and/or Normal Practice" adopted in different Countries; "Analysis of Measurement Data", referring to recent relevant studies; "Numerical Modelling" to compute uplift pressures; "Clearing Of Drainage Systems". As far as regulatory rules are c...

In January 2006 the French Committee on Dams and Reservoirs – FrCOLD issued provisional guidelines for structural safety of gravity dams. It was the first attempt to produce a semi-probabilistic limit-state method for the design of hydraulic works, in a format similar to the Eurocodes. After 5 years of a progressive implementation of those guidelines, FrCOLD decided to produce an upgraded and e...

For optimization of real-world arch dams, it is unavoidable to consider two or more conflicting objectives. This paper employs two multi-objective differential evolution algorithms (MoDE) in combination of a parallel working MATLAB-APDL code to obtain a set of Pareto solutions for optimal shape of arch dams. Full dam-reservoir interaction subjected to seismic loading is considered. A benchmark ...

In its final report, published in November 2000, the World Commission on Dams concluded that the benefits derived from large dams have made a significant contribution to human development. However, in many cases the environmental and social costs have been unnecessary and, by present standards, unacceptable. Often negative impacts arise as a consequence of lack of foresight and because dams are...

Developing countries around the world are expanding hydropower to meet growing energy demand. In the Brazilian Amazon, >200 dams are planned over the next 30 years, and questions about the impacts of current and future hydropower in this globally important watershed remain unanswered. In this context, we applied a hydrologic indicator method to quantify how existing Amazon dams have altered the...

Abstract Recent discussion of global environmental assessment processes suggests that the process consensus creation is central to understanding way knowledge produced and conclusions are reached. Here we contribute this literature by providing a case study World Commission on Dams, which brought together supporters opponents large dams, at height controversy about dams in 1990s. The reviewed e...