this article generates the first persian academic word list (pawl) which comprises the most frequently used academic vocabulary in persian academic texts. the pawl was compiled from a corpus of 927,008 running words from academic resources. two principles of range and frequency of word families guided the selection and arrangement of the word list. the corpus included seven books and one hundre...

ESP students are usually suggested to master general and academic word lists such as Wests’ (1953) General Service List (GSL) and Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) to be able to read their academic texts. However, it seems that university students may not need to learn all the words in the two lists as some words in the lists are of less frequency in academic texts. Moreover, there are ...

A word has many senses, and each sense can be mapped into many target words. Therefore, to select the appropriate translation with a correct sense, the sense of a source word should be disambiguated before selecting a target word. Based on this observation, we propose a hybrid method for translation selection that combines disambiguation of a source word sense and selection of a target word. Kn...

We focus on the problem of efficiently retrieving knowledge from large memories given ambiguous cues. First, we analyse the word sense disambiguation task in context of memory model comparison and evaluation. Then, in this task, we demonstrate the functional benefit of two forms of memory retrieval bias, recency and frequency of memory access, and present a preliminary evaluation of heuristics ...

This study investigated the effect of word order and age on the production and comprehension of pseudoclefts in L2 across two experiments. For each experiment 16 female students aged between 179 and 210 months were recruited from a secondary school. These students were divided into two groups based on their age range; one group for investigating the effect of word order and age on the productio...

Processes of word meaning generation, word association and understanding are known to be impaired in schizophrenia and related diseases. Word meaning selection requires the involvement of prefrontal cortex and processes of working memory and selective attention. Under the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia, the normal neuromodulatory activation of prefrontal cortex for the performance of ...

Multiple target translations are due to several meanings of source words, and various target word equivalents depending on the context of the source word. Thus, an automated approach is presented for resolving target-word selection, based on “word-to-sense” and “sense-to-word” source-translation relationships, using syntactic relationships (subject-verb, verb-object, adjectivenoun). Translation...

Word selection allows us to choose words during language production. This is often viewed as a competitive process wherein a lexical representation is retrieved among semantically-related alternatives. The left prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is thought to help overcome competition for word selection through top-down control. However, whether the LPFC is always necessary for word selection remains unc...

Does producing a word slow performance of a concurrent, unrelated task? In 2 experiments, 108 participants named pictures and discriminated tones. In Experiment 1, pictures were named after cloze sentences; the durations of the word-production stages of lemma and phonological word-form selection were manipulated with high- and low-constraint cloze sentences and high- and low-frequency-name pict...

Translation selection is a process to select, from a set of target language words corresponding to a source language word, the most appropriate one that conveys the correct sense of a source word and makes the target language sentence more natural. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method for translation selection that exploits a bilingual dictionary and a target language corpus. Based on the ...