the nature of war (mühārebeh)   mehdi esmaeli [1]     abstract:   the verse 33 of ma’deh addresses criminalization of war (mühārebeh) and corruption on earth (efsad-fel-arz),  but has not provided any definition of such terms. some jurists consider such terms as one and the same while there are others who differentiate them. indications relevant to addictions to murder, igniting homes, witching...

This paper presents developing an analytical model for flux switching motors. The motor is a class of variable reluctance motors that has two windings on stator; a field winding and an armature winding. Due to saliency of both stator and rotor poles, accurate modeling is difficult which arises from the nonlinear behavior of the machine. This paper presents a simple model which is able to predic...

This paper is a discussion of The Churchill School, founded in 1972 as an alternative approach to serving the educatiOnal needs of children diagnosed as hyperactive, hyperkinetic, brain damaged, neurologically impaired, or suffering from minimal brain dysfunction. The school has a student body of 65, ranging between 6 and 13 years of age. The educational program attempts to be holistic in natur...

For reasons we can only guess at, the Hungarian government has helped Formula One (F1) drive a hole the size of a race track in the side of its tobacco promotion ban. The ramifications are likely to be felt worldwide, as the development provides a case history showing how to circumvent the legislation required in all countries that ratify the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on ...

Wireless local loop (WLL) provides two-way calling services to the stationary or “fixed” users, which is intended to replace its wireline counterpart. Today, there are almost 100 WLL systems (either trials or commercial systems). This article describes the WLL, architecture, the WTJ, technologies, WTL service descriptions, and some examples of WLL products. Wireless Local Loop: Architecture, Ec...

Mast cells play pivotal roles in IgE-mediated airway inflammation, expressing interleukin13 (IL-13) and monocyte chemoattracant protein-1 (MCP-1), which in turn regulate IgE synthesis and/or inflammatory cell recruitment. The molecular effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) on cytokine expression by human mast cells have not been studied well. In this report, we provide evidence that human mast ...