This paper argues that many determinants of generic oligopoly market outcomes can be studied in bidbased wholesale electricity markets under much weaker assumptions than in other oligopoly industries because of their rich data, regulatory history, and clearly specified market rules. These methods are compared to those used in existing studies of oligopolistic industries where the best data avai...

We introduce a wholesale pricing strategy for an incumbent supplier facing with a competitive counterpart. We propose a profit function which considers both the present loss and future loss from a wholesale price and then study the optimal wholesale prices for different objectives about this profit function for the incumbent supplier. First, we achieve an optimal wholesale price for the incumbe...

Rice plays an especial role in Iranian households' nutrition basket. The volatilities of its price during recent years caused consumers' dissatisfaction. This paper investigates spillover effects of price volatilities (at the wholesale and retail levels) in the Guilan Province rice market. The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Hetroscedasitic (GARCH) model was used for the monthly time per...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the operational costs of the Pu-Shin wholesale ®sh market in Taiwan, using both the activity-based costing (ABC) model and the simulation technique. By using simulation results in the calculated model of ABC, allocated resource costs are more accurate and arbitrary allocation is avoided. The objective of this study is to compute the processing cost per kilogr...

The KODAK I.LAB digital photofinishing system allows the production of silver halide prints from images originating from both film and digital still cameras. This flexibility allows not only the leveraging of complex and highly optimized wholesale photofinishing workflows to produce high-quality digital prints at low cost but provides a bridge for wholesale laboratories as customers transition ...

BACKGROUND In spite of globalizing processes 'offline' retail drug markets remain localized and - in recent decades - typically 'closed', in which dealers sell primarily to known customers. We characterize drug cryptomarkets as 'anonymous open' marketplaces that allow the diffusion of drugs across locales. Where cryptomarket customers make stock-sourcing purchases for offline distribution, the ...

This study estimates demand during the 1980-90 period for wholesale beef cuts by season and by trend. A data set containing monthly nominal prices for wholesale cuts and average choice boxed beef from January 1980 to December 1990 was collected from multiple sources, The approach expressed the change in demand for wholede cuts as the change in the price ratio of individual cuts relative to the ...

Latest developments in computing and technology, along with the availability of large amounts of raw data, have led to the development of many computational techniques and algorithms. Concerning binary data classification in particular, analysis of data containing rare events or disproportionate class distributions poses a great challenge to industry and to the machine learning community. Logis...

in this paper, nonlinear adjustments and price transmission mechanism between the two levels of wholesale and retail for the egg market has been examined under the threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) framework using hansen and seo (2002)’s two-regimes). the unit root test showed that both wholesale and retail egg price series were integrated of order one . the johansen co-integratio...